Applying Newtons Laws To Sports Flashcards
What is balance?
Types of balance
Examples
The ability to neutralise forces that disturb equilibrium
Static balance- stationary
-eg. Standing on one leg
Dynamic balance- moving
-eg. Scooping up a ball on the run
List the factors affecting balance and stability
- centre of gravity
- mass of object
- size of base of support
- height of centre of gravity above base of support
- position of the line of gravity relative to base of support
- increasing size of the base of support in direction of oncoming force
- horizontally positioning centre of gravity near edge of base of support on side of external force
How does centre of gravity affect balance and stability
- point around a bodies weight equally balanced in all directions
- COG when standing is in abdominal cavity
- position changes, so does COG
- position of COG determines whether body is balanced
How does mass of object affect stability and balance?
The greater the mass, the greater the stability
-eg. Sumo wrestlers
How does size of base of support affect balance and stability?
The greater the area of support, the greater the stability
How does COG above base of support affect balance and stability?
- The higher the COG above the base of support, the less stable the object is
- Athletes bends at the knees to lower COG to increase stability
How does the position of the line of gravity relative to the base of support affect balance and stability?
- Line of gravity is an imaginary vertical line passing downwards through COG.
- Closer the line of gravity is to the limits of the base of support, the less stability of the object
- Movement is the easier when line of gravity falls outside objects base of support
Factors affecting force production
Inertia- greater the mass of an object, more force (greater inertia) needed to move object
Mass- greater the mass of an object, the more force needed to move it
Velocity- more force is needed to continue velocity in a direction
Momentum- greater the momentum, more force needs to be applied to stop or slow down object
Impulse- longer force can be applied to an object, greater the size of force applied, greater the objects impulse
Acceleration- the more acceleration/faster speed that is needed to an object, the more force that needs to be applied
Conservation of momentum- the force of two objects that clash, momentum of one object is transferred with the other, no change in momentum, transfer of momentum, a lot of force produced then all force released on impact
Elasticity- more force needed to stretch or compress it- once it returns to normal shape, force exits the object
What is stability?
Types of stability
Examples
Objects resistance to movement, from a balanced position
Static stability- object is at rest - not moving linear or angular motion
-eg. Weightlifting
Dynamic stability- object is in motion - moving with linear or angular motion
-eg. Swimming