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Gcse PE > Applied Atonomy And Physioology > Flashcards

Applied Atonomy And Physioology Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are located at the head/neck

A

Cranium
Vertebrae

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2
Q

What bones are located at the shoulder

A

Scapula and humerus

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3
Q

What bones are located at the chest

A

Ribs
Sternum

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4
Q

What bones are located at the elbow

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

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5
Q

What bones are located at the hip?

A

Pelvis
Femur

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6
Q

What bones are located at the knee

A

Femur
tibia
Patella site in front of knee jount

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7
Q

What bones are located at the ankle?

A

Tibia
Fibula
Talus

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8
Q

5 functions of the skeletal system…

A

Structural components
Support
Mineral storage
Blood cell production
Movement
Protection

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9
Q

13 muscles

A

Bicep - flexion at the elbow
Tricep -extension at the elbow
Quadriceps - extension at the knee
Hamstrings - flexion at the knee
Abdominals - aid the process of expiration
Pectorals - aid the process of inspiration
Hip flexors - cause flexion at the hip
Gluteals - cause extension at the hip
Rotator cuff - provides stability for the shoulder
Deltoids- responsible for abduction, flexion,extension of the shoulder
Lattissimus dorsi
Tibialis anterior -causes dorsiflexion
Gastrocnemius -causes plantarflexion

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10
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Attach muscle to bone

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11
Q

6 features or a synovial joint…

A

Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Joint capsule
Bursae
Cartilage
Ligaments

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12
Q

What joint it found at the knee and elbow

A

Hinge joint

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13
Q

Joint found at the hip and shoulder..

A

Ball and socket

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14
Q

What’s the role of an agonist in an antagonistic pair?

A

To produce the movement

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15
Q

What’s the role of the antagonist in an antagonistic pair?

A

To relax to allow movement

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16
Q

Name 3 antagonistic pairs

A

Quadriceps- hamstrings
Biceps- triceps
Hip flexors- gluteuls

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17
Q

What are the 4 types of bones?

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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18
Q

What do long bones do and give an example..

A

Allow gross movements
Femur
Humerus

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19
Q

What do short bones do and give examples…

A

Small bones that allow fine controlled movements
Carpals, tarsals

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20
Q

What do flat bones do and give examples…

A

Protect vital organs
Ribs
Cranium

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21
Q

What do irregular bones do and give examples…

A

Specifically shaped to protect parts of the body
Vertebrae

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22
Q

Where is a joint formed?

A

Where 2 or move bones meet

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23
Q

What do ligaments attach?

A

Bone to bone

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24
Q

The 2 types of muscle are..

A

Voluntary
Involuntary

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25
The 4 types of muscle contractions…
Isometric contraction- muscle stays the same length Isotonic contraction- muscle changes length Concentric contraction- muscle shortens, pulling on bone Eccentric - muscle lengthens
26
What is the pathway of air?
Mouth/ nose Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoili
27
2 things the respiratory system does …
Transport oxygen into the body Remove carbon dioxide from the body (Gas exchange)
28
Features that assist in gaseous exchange…
Large surface area of alveoli Moist thin walls (one cell thick) Short distance for diffusion Lots of capillaries Large blood supply Movement or gas from high concentration to low concentration
29
How’s oxyhemoglobin formed?
Oxygen combining with haemogoblin ( protein in red blood cell)
30
During inhaling at rest what happens ?
Intercostal muscles contract and pull ribs up Diaphragm contracts and flattens/ moves down
31
During exhaling at rest what happens?
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
32
What happens when you inhale during exercise ?
Pectorals and sternocleidomastoid are used Increased size of chest cavity
33
What happens when you exhale during excercise?
Abdominal muscles pull down rib cage and force air out of
34
What are the types of synovial joints ?
Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Condyloid
35
What movements do hinge joints allow
Flexion Extension
36
What movements do ball and socket joints allow
Flexion Extension Addiction Abduction Circumductiom Rotations
37
What is the cilia?
Little hairs that prevent dust coming through the nose/mouth passage
38
What do cartilage rings do?
Prevent trachea from collapsimg
39
What is the function of an artery? Name features that aid this function
To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Usually at high pressure Main artery is the aorta Thick walls Muscular layer
40
What’s the function of a vein? What the main vein? Features of veins.
Collect deoxygenated blood and return it to your heart usually at low pressure Main vein is the vena cava Thin wall Less elasric
41
What isthe function of capillaries? What do they have that aids this ?
Exchange materials between blood and tissue cells. Very thin wall
42
The 4 chambers of the heart are…
Right atrium. Left atrium Right ventricle. Left ventricle
43
Heart diagram
44
What’s cardiac output?
Quantity of blood pumped by the heart in a given period of time, typically measured in litres per minute
45
What is a systole?
Muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries
46
What’s a diastole?
Heart muscles relax and the chambers fill up with blood
47
What’s vasoconstriction ? What does it do to blood pressure?
The construction of blood vessels, which imcreases blood pressure
48
What’s vasolidation
Dialatiom of blood vessels , which decreases blood pressure
49
What’s the cardiac cycle ?
Pressure changed which take place within the heart.
50
Pathway of blood
Deoxygenated loop enters the right atrium through the vena cava The heart contracts and blood passes through a valve into the right ventricle Pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood to the lungd Gaseous exchange takes place , resulting in oxygenated blood Pulmonary vein transports the oxygenated blood back to the heart, enters left atrium Blood passes through valve into left ventricle Oxygenated blood is ejected from the heart and transported to body /muscles via aorta
51
What is heart rate?
Speed at which a hesrt beats Avaradge - 72 bpm
52
What is stroke volume ?
Volume of blood pumped out the left ventricle
53
What’s vascular shunt?
Blood being directed to areas where it’s most needed
54
How do you calculate cardiac output?
Stroke volume X heart rate
55
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air breathed in with each normal breath. Avaradge is 500ml
56
Expiratory reserve volume ?
Maximum amount. Of additional air that can be forced out of the lungs after a normal breath
57
What’s inspiratory reserve volume?
Maximum amount of additional air that can be taken into the lungd after a normal breath
58
What’s residual volume? What does it help do?
Air left in lungs after a maximal out breath Keeps lungs partially inflated
59
What is aerobic exercise? And its intensity. Equation. Example
Respiration with oxygen Low- moderate intensity (60- 80%) 10,000 m sprint Glucose + 02 = energy+ water + c02
60
What’s the equation for aerobic excercise ?
Glucose + 02 = energy + co2 + water
61
What’s anaerobic excercise. Give example and intensity. Equation
Respiration without oxygen. 80-90% 200m sprint Glucose = energy + lactic acid
62
What’s EPOC me what excercise causes it?
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption Caused by oxygen debt in anaerobic excercise
63
How to calculate maximum heart rate ?
220-age
64
What are the 3 parts of the recovery process?
Cool down and stretching ( lowering pulse) Diet manipulation Ice baths/ massage
65
How does pulse lowering and stretching help recovery?
Helps maintain elevated heart rate, gets rid of lactic acid Replenishes muscles with oxygen
66
How do ice baths / massages help with recovery
Increases blood flow to sore area Ice baths causes flood vessels to vasoconstrict, forcing lactic acid out of the Prevents DOMS
67
How does diet manipulation help with recovery ( water , carbs, protein)
Water - reduces fluids lost, prevents dehydration Carbs- provide long lasting energy for endurance athletes. Protein- helps muscles recover and grow after excercise
68
What is DOMS
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
69
Immediate affects of excercise ( during excercise)
Hot/ sweaty/ red skin Increased depth and frequency of breathing Increased heart rate
70
Short term affects of excercise (up to 36 hours after )
Tiredness/ fatigue Light headedidnes Nausea DOMS
71
Long term affects of excercise ( months and year after )
Change in body shape Muscle strength and endurance Improve stamina and resting HR
72
What’s the function of a valve?
Prevent the back flow of blood

Gcse PE (6 decks)

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