Applied anatomy and physiology - Respiratory System Flashcards
tidal volume
amount of air breathe in or out per each normal breath.
inspiratory reserve volume
amount of extra air forcefully breathe in after a normal breath
expiratory reserve volume
amount of extra air forcefully breathe out after a normal breathe
residual volume
amount of air left in the lungs after full exhale
minute ventilation
amount of amount breathe in or out per minute
(tidal volume x breathing rate)
during exercise what happens to these ‘lung volumes’
-tidal volume increase
-IRV & ERV decrease
-residual volume stays the same
gaseous exchange
intake of oxygen and removal of CO2, occurring at the alveoli via diffusion
diffusion
the movement of gases from high to low partial pressure
partial pressure
is the pressure a single gas exerts in a mixture of gases
spirometer
a device used to measure volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs
respiratory system pathway
nose > pharynx > larynx > trachea > bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli
pathway of oxygen (diffusion)
alveoli > blood > muscles
pathways of CO2 (diffusion)
muscles > blood ? alveoli
external respiration
gaseous exchange between lungs and blood
internal respiration
gaseous exxhange between blood in the capukkaries and body cells
structure of alveoli
-thin walls (1 cell thick)
-large surface area
-moist lining
structure of capillaries
-thin walls (1 cell thick) for gaseous exchange
inhalation
-contracts and flattens
-getting oxygen into the lungs
exhalation
-relaxes and becomes dome shaped
-getting CO2 out
impact of poor lifestyle choices on the respiratory system - smoking
-carbon monoxide exposure
-damages alveoli
-irritates trachea and bronchi
-damaged cilia
