Applied Anatomy and physiology - Neuromuscular system

Question 1

what are the different types of muscle fibres

Answer 1

-Slow oxidative fibres (type 1)
-Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (type 2a)
-Fast Glycolytic (type 2x)

Question 2

Characteristics and functions of slow oxidative fibres

Answer 2

-contracts slowly
-high fatigue resitstance
-oxygen efficient
-high mitrochondria and myoglobin
-low force production
e.g. marathon

Question 3

Characteristics and functions of fast oxidative fibres

Answer 3

-use of oxygen and glycogen
-fast contractions
-fatigue relatively quick
e.g. 800m sprint

Question 4

Characteristics and functions of fast glycolytic fibres

Answer 4

-very fast contractions
-fatigue very quickly
-high force and power output
e.g. 100m sprint

Question 5

define ‘PNF stretching’

Answer 5

an advanced stretching technique, used to increase flexibility
-use static stretches and isometric contractions

Question 6

muscle spindles

Answer 6

detect how far and fast a muscle is being stretched e.g. sends signal to medulla oblongata if overstretching

Question 7

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 7

detect tension levels in a muscle e.g. send signals to the brain to allow the antagonist to relax and lengthen

Question 8

motor units

Answer 8

a motor neuron, consisting of muscle fibers it needs to stimulate contractions

Question 9

All or none law

Answer 9

A motor unit contracts all its fibres fully or not at all. More motor units = stronger contraction.

Question 10

Spatial Summation

Answer 10

multiple motor units are stimulated at the same time creating a stronger force e.g. eddie hall 500kg deadlift, car off kids

Question 11

Wave Summation

Answer 11

greater frequency in nerve impulses results in a more powerful contraction by preventing relaxation

Question 12

Tetanic Contractions

Answer 12

A sustained muscle contraction cause led by a series of fast repeating stimuli during wave summation.