Applied Anatomy and physiology - Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What are the different joint actions and give definitions

Answer 1

-extension (increase angle at the joint)
-flexion (decreasing angle at the joint)
-rotation (turning movement of a limb around its long axis)
-adduction (towards the midline of the body)
-abducction (away from the midline of the body) b fo bum - gluteas machine
-plantarflexion

Question 2

What are the different types of joints?

Answer 2

hinge joints - allows movement in one direction (flexion and extension
ball and socket joints (allows circumduction, circular motions)

Question 3

what is a synovial joint

Answer 3

a place where 2 or more bones meet

Question 4

concentric contraction

Answer 4

muscle shortens - therefore generating force
e.g. bicep curl

Question 5

eccentric contraction

Answer 5

muscle lengthens - due to a greater opposing force
e.g. downward phase of bicep curl

Question 6

isometric muscle contraction

Answer 6

where the muscle generates force without changing length, meaning there is no visible movement at the joint. e.g. holding a plank

Question 7

isotonic muscle contraction

Answer 7

where the muscle contracts and movement is present, e.g. lengthening or shortening

Question 8

What are agonist and antagonistic muscle pairs? Give an example in the elbow joint.

Answer 8

Agonist - Prime mover muscle that contracts to produce movement (e.g., biceps in elbow flexion).
Antagonist - Muscle that relaxes/lengthens to allow movement (e.g., triceps in elbow flexion).

Question 9

what are the different planes of movement

Answer 9

frontal (lat pulldown) (front back)
saggital (low row)
transverse (golf swing (twisting or rotating))

Question 10

what are the different axes of rotation

Answer 10

-saggital (front back)
-transverse (side to side)
-longitudinal (horizontal or top and bottom)