Applied Anatomy And Physiology - Neuromuscular Systems Flashcards
What are the three different types of muscle fibre?
- Type 1
- Type 2 a
- Type 2 X
Does type 2 X muscle fibres use oxygen to create energy?
No they are used in anaerobic work.
Name 6 characteristics of the type 1 slow oxidative muscle fibres.
- Slow contraction speed
- Small and red
- Low force produced
- High fatigue resistance
- High levels of mitochondria
- High number of capillaries
Name 6 features of the type 2a fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres.
- Fast contraction speed
- Moderate size and red
- High force produced
- Medium fatigue resistance
- Medium level of mitochondria
- Medium level of capillaries
Outline 6 features of type 2X fast glycolytic muscle fibres.
- Fast contraction speed
- Large size and white
- High force produced
- Low fatigue resistance
- Low levels of mitochondria
- Low numbers of capillaries
What sport would type 1 slow oxidative muscle fibres be effective in.
Long distance running.
A sport where type 2a fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres would be effective.
Football
A sport where type 2x fast glycolytic muscle fibres would be effective.
Short distance sprint (100m).
What does a motor unit consist of?
One motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it stimulates
What are motor neurones
Nerve cells which transmit the brains instructions as electrical impulses to the muscles
What will produce a larger contraction - a large of small motor unit?
A large motor unit because it is connected to much more muscle fibres.
What does the all or none law suggest about motor neurons and muscle fibres?
The all or none law states how once the motor neurones stimulates the muscle fibres, either all of them or none of them contract.
Do motor units contain one type of muscle fibre or multiple?
A motor unit will only contain one type of muscle fibre, it cannot be a slow and fast twitch motor unit.
What is an activity where the brain will recruit slow twitch motor units?
Low intensity activity such as jogging.
What is an activity where the brain will recruit fast twitch motor units for?
High intensity activities such as sprinting.
Define spatial summation and use an example.
When the strength of a contraction changes by altering the number and size of the muscle’s motor units. For example putting in golf will use less motor units attached to the arm than passing a ball in rugby.
What is proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)
An advanced stretching technique
What are muscle spindles?
They are proprioceptors which detect how far and fast a muscle is being stretched and produce the stretch reflex
What do Golgi tendon organs detect?
They detect levels of tension in a muscle.
What is an isometric contraction
Where there is tension in a muscle but no visible movement.
What is autogenic inhibition?
Where there is a sudden relaxation of the muscle in response to high tension.
Briefly explain the role Golgi tendon organs play during PNF?
They detect an increase in muscle tension when the muscle is contracted isometrically and sends signals to the brain which allows the antagonist muscle to relax and lengthen.
What is the role of muscle spindles in PNF?
They produce a stretch reflex to prevent an injury from occurring in the muscle which is being stretched.
