Applied Anatomy And Physiology - Neuromuscular Systems

Question 1

What are the three different types of muscle fibre?

Answer 1

• Type 1
• Type 2 a
• Type 2 X

Question 2

Does type 2 X muscle fibres use oxygen to create energy?

Answer 2

No they are used in anaerobic work.

Question 3

Name 6 characteristics of the type 1 slow oxidative muscle fibres.

Answer 3

• Slow contraction speed
• Small and red
• Low force produced
• High fatigue resistance
• High levels of mitochondria
• High number of capillaries

Question 4

Name 6 features of the type 2a fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres.

Answer 4

• Fast contraction speed
• Moderate size and red
• High force produced
• Medium fatigue resistance
• Medium level of mitochondria
• Medium level of capillaries

Question 5

Outline 6 features of type 2X fast glycolytic muscle fibres.

Answer 5

• Fast contraction speed
• Large size and white
• High force produced
• Low fatigue resistance
• Low levels of mitochondria
• Low numbers of capillaries

Question 6

What sport would type 1 slow oxidative muscle fibres be effective in.

Answer 6

Long distance running.

Question 7

A sport where type 2a fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres would be effective.

Answer 7

Football

Question 8

A sport where type 2x fast glycolytic muscle fibres would be effective.

Answer 8

Short distance sprint (100m).

Question 9

What does a motor unit consist of?

Answer 9

One motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it stimulates

Question 10

What are motor neurones

Answer 10

Nerve cells which transmit the brains instructions as electrical impulses to the muscles

Question 11

What will produce a larger contraction - a large of small motor unit?

Answer 11

A large motor unit because it is connected to much more muscle fibres.

Question 12

What does the all or none law suggest about motor neurons and muscle fibres?

Answer 12

The all or none law states how once the motor neurones stimulates the muscle fibres, either all of them or none of them contract.

Question 13

Do motor units contain one type of muscle fibre or multiple?

Answer 13

A motor unit will only contain one type of muscle fibre, it cannot be a slow and fast twitch motor unit.

Question 14

What is an activity where the brain will recruit slow twitch motor units?

Answer 14

Low intensity activity such as jogging.

Question 15

What is an activity where the brain will recruit fast twitch motor units for?

Answer 15

High intensity activities such as sprinting.

Question 16

Define spatial summation and use an example.

Answer 16

When the strength of a contraction changes by altering the number and size of the muscle’s motor units. For example putting in golf will use less motor units attached to the arm than passing a ball in rugby.

Question 17

What is proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)

Answer 17

An advanced stretching technique

Question 18

What are muscle spindles?

Answer 18

They are proprioceptors which detect how far and fast a muscle is being stretched and produce the stretch reflex

Question 19

What do Golgi tendon organs detect?

Answer 19

They detect levels of tension in a muscle.

Question 20

What is an isometric contraction

Answer 20

Where there is tension in a muscle but no visible movement.

Question 21

What is autogenic inhibition?

Answer 21

Where there is a sudden relaxation of the muscle in response to high tension.

Question 22

Briefly explain the role Golgi tendon organs play during PNF?

Answer 22

They detect an increase in muscle tension when the muscle is contracted isometrically and sends signals to the brain which allows the antagonist muscle to relax and lengthen.

Question 23

What is the role of muscle spindles in PNF?

Answer 23

They produce a stretch reflex to prevent an injury from occurring in the muscle which is being stretched.