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Anatomy and Physiology > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A
  • Pectoral/Pelvic Girdle

- Bones of the Limbs

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2
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A
  • Consists of clavicle (anterior), scapula (posterior)
  • Attach upper limb bones to axial skeleton
  • Attachment points for muscles of upper limbs
  • Joint structure
  • > high degree of movement at glenohumeral joint
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3
Q

Clavicle

A
  • Double-curved long bone
  • Medial (sternal) end articulated with sternum (clavicular notch)
  • Lateral (acromial) articulated with acromion of scapula
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4
Q

Scapula

A
  • Triangular flat bone overlying dorsal surface of ribs 2-7
  • Lateral aspect articulated with humerus and clavicle

Features
o 3 borders/ 3 angles
o Coracoid Process (arises from lateral superior border)
o Glenoid Fossa (concave articular surface – articulates with humerus)
o Spine (Lateral aspect terminated as acromion)
o Fossae (origin points for rotator cuff muscles)
 Subscapular (anterior)
 Infraspinous (posterior)
 Supraspinous (posterior)

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5
Q

Proximal Humerus

A
  • Head (articulated with glenoid fossa)
  • Greater/lesser tubercles (muscle attachment)
  • Intertubercular/Bicipital Sulcus (elongated groove – guides tendon of biceps brachii)
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6
Q

Distal Humerus

A
  • Medial Epicondyle (O for several flexor muscles of antebrachium)
  • Lateral Epicondyle (O for several extensor muscles of antebrachium)
  • Capitulum (articulates with fovea of head of radius)
  • Trochlea (articulates with trochlear notch of ulna)
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7
Q

Ulna (medial) Forearm Bone

A
  • Trochlear Notch (C-shaped indentation – articulates with humerus)
  • Olecranon Process (posterior prominence of trochlear notch)
  • Coronoid Process (anterior prominence of trochlear notch)
  • Radial Notch (accommodates head of radius)
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8
Q

Radius (Lateral) Forearm Bone

A
  • Head (disk of proximal aspect – articulates with capitulum and radial notch)
  • Radial Tuberosity (attachment for biceps brachii)
  • Ulnar Notch (articulates with distal aspect of ulna)
  • Styloid Process (Prominence at distal aspect – adjacent to thumb)
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9
Q

Carpus

A
  • Carpal bones organised into 2 rows (proximal and distal)
  • Scaphoid and Lunate (articulate with radius)
  • Pisiform (sesamoid bone within tendon or flexor carpi ulnaris muscle)
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10
Q

Metacarpals

A
  • 5 small bones radiating from wrist
  • Proximal end (articulates with carpals)
  • Distal head (articulate with bones of digits)
  • Assigned Roman Numerals (lateral to medial)
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11
Q

Phalanges

A
  • 14 individual bones
  • Proximal, middle and distal
  • Pollex has only proximal and distal
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12
Q

Pelvis

A

Composed of 4 bones

o Sacrum, Coccyx, Right and Left Ossa Coxae

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13
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A
  • Right and Left Ossa Coxae only

Attaches lowers limbs to axial skeleton
o Transfer weight from upper body to lower body
o Protects visceral organs in pelvic cavity
o Each bone consists of 3 bones (ischium, ilium, pubis)

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14
Q

Ossa Coxae

A 
Bones fuse between ages 13-15 
o	Ilium (superior aspect) 
o	Ischium (posteroinferior region) 
o	Pubis (anteroinferior region) 
o	Acetabulum (articulates with head of femur) 
o	Obturator Foramen (inferior to acetabulum – blood vessels, nerves pass)
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15
Q

Femur (Proximal End)

A
  • Head (articulates with acetabulum)
  • Neck (connects head to shaft)
  • Greater Trochanter (projects laterally, muscle attachment)
  • Lesser Trochanter (projection on posteromedial surface of neck, muscle attachment)
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16
Q

Femur (Shaft and Distal End)

A

Shaft
- Linea Aspera (vertical ridge on posterior shaft, muscle attachment point)

Distal End

  • Lateral/ Medial Condyle (articulate with lateral/medial condyle of tibia)
  • Intercondylar fossa (separates two condyles)
  • Patellar Surface (medial depression, articulates with patella)
17
Q

Patella

A
  • Triangular sesamoid bone
  • Enclosed in quadriceps tendon that secures anterior thigh muscle to tibia
  • Broad superior base
  • Pointed apex
  • Articulates with patella surface of femur
  • Protects tibiofemoral joint
18
Q

Tibia (Medial) Proximal End

A
  • Medial/Lateral Condyles (articulate with condyles of femur)
  • Intercondylar Eminence (irregular projection between condyles)
  • Tibial Tuberosity (attachment for patellar ligament – continuous with tendon of quadricep femoris)
19
Q

Tibia (Medial) Shaft

A
  • Anterior Border/Crest (triangular projection)
20
Q

Tibia (Medial) Distal End

A
  • Articulates with fibula and talus

- Medial Malleolus (prominent process – forms medial bulge of ankle)

21
Q

Fibula (Lateral Bone)

A
  • Does not bear weight
  • Head (articulates with proximal aspect of tibia)
  • Lateral Malleolus (forms lateral bulge of ankle)
22
Q

Tarsus

A
  • 7 bones (posterior half)
  • Organised into two groups
  • Body weight carried by talus and calcaneus
  • Talus – articulates with tibia at trochlear surface and fibula at lateral aspect
  • Calcaneus – forms heel of foot, provides attachment for calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
23
Q

Metatarsal

A
  • 5 small, long bones radiating from tarsus

- Distal end (articulates with phalanges)

24
Q

Phalanges

A
  • 14 individual bones
  • Proximal, middle and distal
  • Hallux (proximal and distal)

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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