appendicular skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

-bones of limbs
-girdles of bones that attach limbs to axial skeleton

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2
Q

pectoral girdle

A

-articulates with the trunk
-supports the upper limbs

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3
Q

pectoral girdle consists of

A

2 clavicles and 2 scapulae

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4
Q

clavicle

A

-articulates medially with manubrium
-articulates laterally with acromion
-conoid tubercle on inferior surface

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5
Q

scapula borders

A

superior, medial, lateral

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6
Q

scapula angles

A

lateral, superior, inferior

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7
Q

bone in brachium

A

humerus

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8
Q

bones in antebrachium

A

radius and ulna

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9
Q

interosseous membrane/ligament

A

intermediate to radius and ulna

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10
Q

in anatomical position, the radius and ulna are

A

-parallel
-radius lateral to ulna
-supination

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11
Q

pronation

A

-involves the radius crossing over the ulna
-palm faces posteriorly

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12
Q

carpals

A

-8 wrist bones
-two rows of four (proximal and distal)

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13
Q

proximal row of carpals (lateral to medial)

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

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14
Q

distal row of carpals (lateral to medial)

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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15
Q

metacarpals

A

-five bones in the palm
-named by roman numerals I-V

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16
Q

metacarpal I

A

base of the thumb

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17
Q

metacarpal V

A

base of the little finger

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18
Q

phalanges

A

-14 per hand
-digits I-V

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19
Q

number of phalanges per finger

A

3 (proximal, middle, distal)

20
Q

number of phalanges per thumb

A

-2 (proximal and distal)
-pollex

21
Q

pelvic girdle

A

consists of the right and left ossa coxae

22
Q

bony pelvis

A

pelvic girdle with the sacrum and coccyx

23
Q

os coxae

A

-hip bones
-fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis
-fusion typically occurs between 13-15 years of age

24
Q

articulations of os coxae

A

-anteriorly at pubic symphysis
-posteriorly with the sacrum
-laterally with femur at acetabulum

25
Q

ilium

A

-largest of the three fused coxal bones
-makes up superior portions of os coxa and acetabulum

26
Q

ischium

A

posterior region of os coxae

27
Q

pubis

A

anterior region of os coxae

28
Q

pelvic brim

A

continuous oval ridge formed by pubic crest, pectineal line, arcuate line, and sacral promontory

29
Q

true pelvis

A

-below the pelvic brim
-urinary bladder

30
Q

false pelvis

A

-above the pelvic brim
-supports abdominal region

31
Q

most reliable indicator of the sex of a skeleton is the

A

pelvis

32
Q

major differences of the pelvic girdle

A

-male: narrow subpubic angle
-female: wide subpubic angle

33
Q

patella

A

-kneecap within tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle
-triangular with broad superior base and inferiorly pointed apex
-articulates with patellar surface of femur

34
Q

tibia and fibula

A

-make up crural region
-parallel to each other
-tibia is medial to fibula
-tibia is weight-bearing
-connected by an interosseous membrane/ligament

35
Q

tarsals

A

-7 bones
-cuboid
-cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
-navicular
-talus
-calcaneus

36
Q

talus

A

-superiormost
-weight-bearing
-articulates with tibia

37
Q

calcaneus

A

-largest
-forms the heel

38
Q

metatarsals

A

-5 bones in the sole of the foot
-proximally with tarsals
-distally with phalanges
-identified by roman numerals I-V from medial to lateral

39
Q

hallux

A

big toe

40
Q

phalanges

A

-14 bones per foot
-digits I-V

41
Q

number of phalanges per toe

A

3 (proximal, middle, distal)

42
Q

number of phalanges per big toe

A

2 (proximal and distal)

43
Q

functions of foot arches

A

help prevent pinching of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels

44
Q

three major arches

A

-medial longitudinal
-lateral longitudinal
-transverse

45
Q

medial longitudinal arch

A

-heel to hallux
-highest arch

46
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A

-heel to fifth toe
-lowest arch

47
Q

transverse arch

A

-perpendicular to other arches
-along distal row of tarsals