APP 1 Flashcards
List 6 Characteristics of Living Things
Metabolism Responsiveness Movement Growth Differentiation Reproduction
List the 7 Levels of Organisation of the body
Atomic Molecular Cellular Tissue Organ System Organismal
Everything that happens in the body happens due to 2 things, what are they?
Shape and Charge
Which 2 things are responsible for the movement of atoms and molecules?
Bonding
- Ionic
and
- Covalent
About 90% of you is made up of just 3 types of atoms - what are they?
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Protons have a positive charge, electrons have an equal negotiable charge, and neutrons have no charge but the same mass as protons - are ALL parts of this statement true?
Yes
Starting with Helium, how would you make up all the other atoms?
By adding Proton, Neutrons and Electrons
What is the most important law of the Universe?
All atoms want a full outer orbit and will do what they can to get it.
What is an ion?
A positive or negative charge of an atom.
‘Atom that had gained a charge’
What kind of covalent Bond is it when one pair of electrons is shared?
Single Covalent Bond
What actually are the bonds that hold the atoms together?
Energy
What is a polar molecule?
A molecule with a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other.
Why is the chemistry of carbon called organic energy?
Most living things are based on the carbon atom.
Why is the chemistry of living things based on Carbon?
It’s forms bonds that are easy to make and break.
It can make 4 Covalent bonds and more importantly bond with itself.
Would massive molecules exist in nature if there were no living things to assemble them?
No
How are the massive molecules of living things assembled?
By Enzymes assembling Amino Acid on Ribosomes in the cell according to instructions from the DNA
Where are the ‘instructions’ as to which molecule to assemble held?
In the DNA
Why are carbohydrate molecules so useful as a source of energy?
It’s bonds are easy to break, readily available and contain a lot of energy.
What is the main sugar used by animals?
Glucose
Most lipids are hydrophobic - what does this mean?
They don’t like water.
What is the opposite of hydrophobic?
Hydrophilic
Write 4 words that summarise why lipids are useful to cells.
Possible answers -
Lubrication Transport Energy Heat Protective Barrier Shock Absorbers Storage
Which 4 vitamins are lipids?
A, K, D, E
What are the ‘raw materials’ proteins are made from?
Amino Acids
How many different amino acids are there in the body?
20
What is a polypeptide?
3 or more amino acids joined together.
What is (probably!) the most important job that proteins do?
Make chemical reactions happen.
What is it about proteins that allows them to act as enzymes?
Shape and Charge
What is the term used for maintaining the body conditions relatively constant?
Homeostasis.
What are the 2 main nucleus acids, and where are they mostly found in the cell?
DNA, RNA in the Nucleus
