APK5404 - Sport Psychology Flashcards
_______________ was a clinical psychologist and applied sport psychology professional.
a.) Bruce Ogilvie
b.) Franklin Henry
c.) Coleman Griffith
a.) Bruce Ogilvie
___________ was influential in establishing sport psychology as a recognized academic field.
a.) Bruce Ogilvie
b.) Franklin Henry
c.) Coleman Griffith
b.) Franklin Henry
Goal-directed actions are planned, initiated, and controlled by _________________.
a.) muscles
b.) the brain and nervous system
c.) joints and ligaments
d.) an athlete’s motivation
b.) the brain and nervous system
Goal-setting, mental imagery, emotion regulation, and pre-performance routines are examples of ____________.
a.) positive psychology
b.) psychological factors
c.) psychological skills
d.) clinical psychology
c.) psychological skills
Q
________________ is the mechanism that drives expertise attainment in all human performance domains.
a.) physical superiority
b.) an advantaged environment
c.) neural adaptation
d.) genetic predisposition
c.) neural adaptation
Experts display superior abilities to execute sport-specific motor skills. This characteristic falls under the __________ component of Janelle & Hillman’s model of expert performance.
a.) physical
b.) tactical
c.) perceptual
d.) technical
e.) emotional
d.) technical
Experts typically have the ability to report more sport-specific information from memory (ex: the position of players on the field at a given point in time in a game) and to more accurately identify situation-specific outcome probabilities. These characteristics fall under the __________ component of Janelle & Hillman’s model of expert performance.
a.) physical
b.) tactical
c.) perceptual
d.) technical
e.) emotional
b.) tactical
Experts exhibit more efficient visual search strategies, recognize patterns more quickly and accurately, and identify critical performance cues earlier than novices.
These characteristics fall under the __________ component of Janelle & Hillman’s model of expert performance.
a.) physical
b.) tactical
c.) perceptual
d.) technical
e.) emotional
c.) perceptual
Experts typically perceive stressful performance environments as facilitating success (an opportunity to succeed) and appear immune to pressure situations - performing optimally when stress is the highest.
These characteristics fall under the __________ component of Janelle & Hillman’s model of expert performance.
a.) physical
b.) tactical
c.) perceptual
d.) technical
e.) emotional
e.) emotional
Q
____________ focuses on the systematic skill development with the goal of refining specific skill sets and attaining expertise.
a.) deliberate play
b.) diverse training
c.) specialization
d.) deliberate practice
d.) deliberate practice
_____________ is a mode of instruction that facilitates rule-free skill acquisition.
a.) implicit instruction
b.) prescriptive instruction
c.) guided discovery
d.) explicit instruction
a.) implicit instruction
________________ is a mode of instruction that facilitates athlete-generated solutions during skill acquisition.
a.) prescriptive instruction
b.) explicit instruction
c.) implicit instruction
d.) guided discovery
d.) guided discovery
The __________ of practice refers to the degree of predictability between consecutive practice trials.
a.) high variability
b.) low variability
c.) variability
d.) randomness
d.) randomness
The direction of the relationship between peers and self-esteem, motivation and behavior is influenced by the amount of ____________ and ________________.
a.) peer acceptance; peer social support
b.) peer pressure; peer valuation
c.) peer learning; peer cohesion
d.) peer leadership; peer norms
a.) peer acceptance; peer social support
__________________ refers to the psychological training phase where the objective is to learn a specific psychological skill.
a.) education
b.) acquisition
c.) practice, implementation and evaluation
d.) self-regulation
b.) acquisition
The ______________ phase in Singer’s 5-Step Strategy is where the athlete is able to perform psychological and motor skills automatically.
a.) readying phase
b.) imaging phase
c.) focusing phase
d.) executing phase
e.) evaluating phase
d.) executing phase
________________ feedback is provided only when performance falls outside of specified criteria.
a.) self-controlled
b.) Q&A
c.) summary
d.) bandwidth
e.) descriptive
d.) bandwidth
_______________ feedback describes performance, rather than prescribes solution.
a.) self-controlled
b.) Q&A
c.) summary
d.) descriptive
e.) prescriptive
d.) descriptive
Practice that is ____________ and ____________ is best for a sport like golf.
a.) constant, random
b.) constant, blocked
c.) variable, random
d.) variable, blocked
a.) constant, random
Practice that is ____________ and ____________ is best for a sport like soccer or hockey.
a.) constant, random
b.) constant, blocked
c.) variable, random
d.) variable, blocked
c.) variable, random
Practice that is ____________ and ____________ is best for a sport like football.
a.) constant, random
b.) constant, blocked
c.) variable, random
d.) variable, blocked
d.) variable, blocked
According to Self-determination Theory, what are three types of intrinsic motivation regulatory processes?
a.) autonomy, competence and relatedness
b.) amotivation, extrinsic and intrinsic
c.) know, accomplish and experience stimulation
c.) know, accomplish and experience stimulation
In the Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, the influence of global, contextual and situational factors is predicted to be mediated by individual’s perceptions of ___________, ______________ and ______________.
a.) autonomy, competence, relatedness
b.) amotivation, extrinsic, intrinsic
c.) affective, cognitive, behavioral
a.) autonomy, competence, relatedness
______________ is the regulatory style of extrinsic motivation based on internal rewards and punishments.
a.) introjected regulation
b.) external regulation
c.) identified regulation
d.) integrated regulation
a.) introjected regulation
______________ is the regulatory style of extrinsic motivation where long-term benefits shape an individual’s choice to engage in unpleasant activity.
a.) introjected regulation
b.) external regulation
c.) identified regulation
d.) integrated regulation
c.) identified regulation
_____________ is the regulatory style of extrinsic motivation where coherence of activity with self value shapes an individual’s choice to engage in unpleasant activity.
a.) introjected regulation
b.) external regulation
c.) identified regulation
d.) integrated regulation
d.) integrated regulation
Focusing on performance during competition has been shown to be associated with _________ anxiety and _________ performance.
a.) less; superior
b.) more; poorer
c.) more; superior
d.) less; poorer
a.) less; superior
The mechanistic explanation for the effectiveness of goal setting includes…
a.) mobilizing and directing efforts towards improvement
b.) identifying the importance of winning
c.) emphasizing outcome focused goals
d.) understanding one’s teammates better
a.) mobilizing and directing efforts towards improvement
Having a goal to win the race is an example of a _____________ goal.
a.) outcome
b.) process
c.) performance
a.) outcome
Having a goal to improve one’s best time is an example of a ___________ goal.
a.) outcome
b.) process
c.) performance
c.) performance
What is a common problem when setting goals?
a.) failure to evaluate and adjust goals
b.) not setting enough goals
c.) systematically setting goals
d.) setting goals that are too specific
a.) failure to evaluate and adjust goals
Which of the following goal types should help an athlete direct their attention away from aspects that cause emotional stress and disrupt performance?
a.) process goals
b.) objective goals
c.) performance goals
d.) outcome goals
a.) process goals
What are JJ Gross’ three categories of affect?
a.) arousal, pleasantness, unpleasantness
b.) time, form, content
c.) emotional state, emotionality, meta-emotion
d.) stress, emotion, mood
d.) stress, emotion, mood
Hanin proposes that emotional experiences comprise of…
a.) arousal, pleasantness, unpleasantness
b.) time, form, content
c.) emotional state, emotionality, meta-emotion
d.) stress, emotion, mood
c.) emotional state, emotionality, meta-emotion
Breath control works by…
a.) deregulation of blood oxygen concentrations and improving muscle contraction forces.
b.) managing blood oxygen concentrations and contributing to muscle contraction/relaxation coordination.
c.) decreasing CO2 in the brain and increasing muscle tension in the legs
d.) increasing CO2 in the brain and decreasing muscle coordination
b.) managing blood oxygen concentrations and contributing to muscle contraction/relaxation coordination.
According to the Process Model of Emotional Regulation, _____________ emotion regulation strategies must be applied at each stage of the emotion generation process to achieve effective emotion regulation.
a.) specific
b.) varied
c.) non-specific
d.) two
a.) specific
Breath control strategies should be…
a.) conducted only when supervised by boarded medical professionals
b.) specifically designed for each sport context
c.) applied universally
d.) utilized only by expert athletes
b.) specifically designed for each sport context
According to the Temporal Influence Model of Emotion Regulation, as the demands of sport performance context increases, the number of beneficial emotion regulation strategies…
a.) increases
b.) decreases
c.) remains constant
b.) decreases
According to the hypothesis of the Temporal Influence Model of Emotion Regulation, ____________ is the most efficient regulatory strategy.
a.) cognitive change
b.) response modulation
c.) attentional deployment
d.) situation selection
c.) attentional deployment
According to IZOF theory, __________ is when a person performs optimally when they are experiencing low anxiety.
a.) Low IZOF
b.) Moderate IZOF
c.) High IZOF
a.) Low IZOF
According to IZOF theory, ___________ is when a person performs optimally when they are experiencing high anxiety.
a.) Low IZOF
b.) Moderate IZOF
c.) High IZOF
c.) High IZOF
