apical & coronal seal

Question 1

Endodontic failure occurs due to bacterial contamination of poorly filled canals via the apical foramen

Answer 1

Adib et al 2004,

Siqueira Junior et al 2005

Question 2

Dye penetration in all root filled teeth
Teeth were categorized as having successful and unsuccessful endodontic treatment based on clinical and radiograph observation
Tooth roots were submerged in dye for 7 days
They were then sectioned longitudinally to measure the linear dye penetration.
It was concluded that 99.5% of teeth failed to produce apical seal against apical dye penetration despite diagnosis of tooth.
The presence of leakage did not affect the outcome of the endodontic treatment
The extent of dye penetration was not a reliable indicator of clinical success or failure of the endodontic treatment prior to extraction.
Hence, discrediting the theory of apical leakage as the main cause of failure.

Answer 2

Oliver & Abbott 2001

Question 3

No root canal sealers were able to completely seal the root canals.

Answer 3

Oliviere et al 2011

Question 4

Same degree of healing in study with root filling and endodontic treatment without root filling.

Answer 4

Klevant & Eggink 1983

Question 5

Did a paper comparing the histologically healing of periapical infected dog teeth.
He found that the Act of obturation alone was able to show signs of healing. This has been speculated to be due to reduction in space, nutrient and mechanical barrier.
In summary, just having something in the root canal space was shown to be able to encourage healing.

Answer 5

Katebzadeh et al 1999

Question 6

50% of root canal systems were contaminated to their full length after 19 days of exposure to oral cavity.

Answer 6

Torabinejad 2001

Question 7

endotoxins reached apical foramen in <20 days in unrestored root treated teeth

Answer 7

Trope et al 1995