APHuG Unit 4 Vocab (CED)

Question 1

4.1 - Sovereignty

Answer 1

The power of a political unit, or government, to rule over its own affairs.

Question 2

4.1 - Nation

Answer 2

A group of people who have certain things in common.

Question 3

4.1 - State

Answer 3

The largest political unit, the formal term for a country.

Question 4

4.1 - Nation-State

Answer 4

A nation of people who fulfill that qualifications of a state.

Question 5

4.1 - Multination State

Answer 5

A country that contains more than one nation.

Question 6

4.1 - Autonomous Region

Answer 6

A defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state.

Question 7

4.1 - Semiautonomous Region

Answer 7

A state that has a degree of, but not complete self-rule.

Question 8

4.1 - Stateless Nation

Answer 8

A cultural group that has no independent political entity.

Question 9

4.1 - Mulitstate Nation

Answer 9

When a nation has a state of its own but stretches across borders of other states.

Question 10

4.2 - Berlin Conference

Answer 10

In 1884 and 1885, representatives from the major empires of Europe met in the German capital of Berlin to lay out claims made on the continent of Africa; used these claims to set boundaries in Africa. These boundaries showed little regard to the existing ethno-linguistic, cultural, or political boundaries.

Question 11

4.2 - Self-Determination

Answer 11

The right to choose their own sovereign government without external influence.

Question 12

4.2 - Decolonization

Answer 12

The undoing of colonization, in which indigenous people reclaim sovereignty over their territory.

Question 13

4.2 - Genocide

Answer 13

Organized mass killing, in which people are targeted because of their race, ethnicity, or nationality.

Question 14

4.2 - Cold War

Answer 14

A period of diplomatic, political, and military rivalry between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or Soviet Union). Started at the end of WWII (1945), continued through the collapse of the Berlin Wall (1989), and ended with the breakup of the Soviet Union (1991).

Question 15

4.2 - Satellite States

Answer 15

A state dominated by another politically and economically.

Question 16

4.3 - Territoriality

Answer 16

A willingness by a person or a group of people to defend space they claim. People express their territoriality when they influence others or shape events by asserting control over a space.

Question 17

4.3 - Neocolonialism

Answer 17

A new system of colonialism. Economic, political, or even cultural control was indirectly exerted over developing countries.

Question 18

4.3 - Shatterbelts

Answer 18

A place located between two very different and contentious regions. These places are under extreme consistent stress and may suffer instability or fragmentation due to external aggression.

Question 19

4.3 - Choke Points

Answer 19

A place of physical congestion between wider regions of movement and interaction.

Question 20

4.4 - Physical Geography Boundaries

Answer 20

Natural barriers between areas such as oceans, deserts, and mountains.

Question 21

4.4 - Relic Boundaries

Answer 21

Boundary that has been abandoned for political purposes, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape.

Question 22

4.4 - Superimposed Boundaries

Answer 22

Boundary that is drawn by outside powers and may have ignored existing cultural patterns.

Question 23

4.4 - Subsequent Boundaries

Answer 23

Boundary is typically created while the cultural landscape is evolving and is subject to change over time.

Question 24

4.4 - Antecedent Boundaries

Answer 24

Boundary that preceded development of the cultural landscape.

Question 25

4.4 - Geometric Boundaries

Answer 25

A straight line or arc drawn by people that does not closely follow any physical feature.

Question 26

4.4 - Consequent Boundaries

Answer 26

A division that uses already-existing natural features that divide a territory.

Question 27

4.5 - Defined Boundaries

Answer 27

Established by a legal document, such as a treaty, that divides one entity from another (invisible line).

Question 28

4.5 - Delimited Boundaries

Answer 28

Drawn on a map by a cartographer to show the limits of a space.

Question 29

4.5 - Demarcated Boundaries

Answer 29

Identified by physical objects placed on the landscape.

Question 30

4.5 - Definitional boundary disputes

Answer 30

When two or more parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents or maps that identify the boundary.

Question 31

4.5 - Locational Boundary Disputes (Territorial Disputes)

Answer 31

Center on where a boundary should be, how it is delimited, or demarcated.

Question 32

4.5 - Operational Boundary Disputes (Functional Disputes)

Answer 32

Centers not on where a boundary is but how it functions.

Question 33

4.5 - Allocation Boundary Disputes (Resource Dispute)

Answer 33

When a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries.

Question 34

4.5 - Irredentism

Answer 34

A type of expansionism when one country seeks to annex territory where it has cultural ties to part of the population.

Question 35

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS)

Answer 35

Signed by more that 150 countries between 1973 and 1982.

Question 36

4.5 - Territorial Sea

Answer 36

This area extends up to 12 nautical miles of sovereignty where commercial vessels may pass, but noncommercial vessels may be challenged.

Question 37

4.5 - Contiguous Zone

Answer 37

Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles where they can enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation.

Question 38

4.5 - Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)

Answer 38

Costal states can explore, extract minerals, and manage natural resources up to 200 nautical miles.

Question 39

4.5 - High Seas

Answer 39

Water beyond any country’s EEZ that is open to all states.

Question 40

4.6 - Voting Districts

Answer 40

Internal boundaries that divide a country’s electorate into subnational regions.

Question 41

4.6 - Redistricting

Answer 41

State legislatures or state committees then redraw district boundaries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people.

Question 42

4.6 - Gerrymandering

Answer 42

The drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party in power to protect or increase its power.

Question 43

4.7 - Unitary States

Answer 43

Most of or all the governing power is held by the national government. All local governments in a unitary state are subject to the authority of the national government.

Question 44

4.7 - Federal States

Answer 44

Unites separate political entities into an overarching system that allows each entity to maintain some degree of sovereignty.

Question 45

4.8 - Devolution

Answer 45

The transfer of some political power from the central government to subnational levels of government.

Question 46

4.8 - Ethnic Separatism

Answer 46

The advocacy of full political separation (or secession) from the larger group among cultural, ethnic,tribal, or governmental lines.

Question 47

4.8 - Ethnic Cleansing

Answer 47

A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent or terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic area.

Question 48

4.8 - Terrorism

Answer 48

Organized violence aimed at government and civilian targets to create fear for the advancement of political goals.

Question 49

4.8 - Irredentism

Answer 49

A movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural elements but are divided by a national boundary.

Question 50

4.9 - Subnationalism

Answer 50

People who have a primary allegiance to a traditional group or ethnicity.

Question 51

4.9 - Balkanization

Answer 51

The fragmentation of a state or region into multiple countries.

Question 52

4.9 - Supranationalism

Answer 52

The practice of multiple countries forming an organization for the benefit of all members.

Question 53

4.9 - United Nations (UN)

Answer 53

-1945
-193 countries
-to promote peace, security, and human rights

Question 54

4.9 - North Atlantic Treaty Organizations (NATO)

Answer 54

-1949
-30 countries
-to provide mutual defense of member states

Question 55

4.9 - European Union (EU)

Answer 55

-1993
-27 countries
-to integrate member states politically and economically

Question 56

4.9 - Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Answer 56

-1967
-10 countries
-to advance economic growth, peace, social progress, and cultural and economic development in the region

Question 57

4.9 - Arctic Council

Answer 57

-1996
-8 countries
-to foster cooperation, coordination, and interaction among the Arctic states with participation of Arctic indigenous communities

Question 58

4.9 - African Union

Answer 58

-2002
-55 countries
-to advocate peace, security, and stability on the continent through greater cooperation, economic development, and global integration

Question 59

4.10 - Nationalism

Answer 59

The strong feelings of patriotism and loyalty that one feels toward one’s country, promotes a sense of belonging, even if a country’s population is an ethnically diverse one.