APHuG Unit 3 Vocab (CED) Flashcards
3.1 - Culture
A visible force seen in a group’s actions, possessions, and influence on the landscape. Also an invisible force guiding people through shared belief systems, customs, and traditions.
3.1 - Culture Hearth
The area in which a unique culture or a specific trait develops.
3.1 - Traditional Culture
Used to encompass all three cultural designations.
3.1 - Folk Culture
The beliefs and practices of small, homogenous groups of people, often living in rural areas that are relatively isolated and slow to change.
3.1 - Indigenous Culture
When members of an ethnic group reside in their ancestral lands. Typically posses unique cultural traits.
3.1 - Globalization
Increased integration of the world economy since the 1970s. The process of intensified interaction among people.
3.1 - Popular Culture
When cultural traits spread quickly over a large area and are adopted by various groups.
3.1 - Cultural Landscape
The modification of the environment by a group and is a visible reflection of that group’s cultural beliefs and values.
3.1 - Material Culture
Tangible things that represent a culture.
3.1 - Nonmaterial Culture
Intangible objects, or those not having a physical presence.
3.1 - Sociofacts
The ways people organize their society and relate to one another.
3.2 - Placelessness
Modern cultural landscapes exhibit a great deal of homogeneity.
3.2 - Built Environment
The physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape.
3.2 - Traditional Architecture
Style that reflects a local culture’s history, beliefs, values, and community adaptations to the environment, and typically utilizes locally available materials.
3.2 - Postmodern Architecture
Developed after the 1960s. A movement away from boxy, concrete, or brick structures toward high rise structures made from large amounts of steel and glass sliding.
3.2 - Ethnicity
Membership within a group of people who have common experiences and share similar characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, and history.
3.2 - Cultural regions
Usually determined based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity.
3.2 - Culture Realms
Include several regions. Cultures within a cultural realm have a few traits that they all share.
3.2 - Sacred Places
Most specific places and natural features have religious significance.
3.2 - Diaspora
When one group of people is dispersed to various locations.
3.2 - Charter group
The first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a space.
3.2 - Sequent Occupancy
When ethnic groups move in and out of neighborhoods and create new cultural imprints on the landscape.
3.3 - Cultural Patterns
Consist of related sets of cultural traits and complexes that create similar behaviors across space.
3.3 - Nationality
Based on people’s connection to a particular country.
3.3 - Centripetal Forces
Those that unify a group of people or a region.
3.3 - Centrifugal Forces
Those that divide a group of people or a region.
3.3 - Ethnocentric
The belief their own cultural group is more important and superior to other cultures.
3.3 - Cultural Relativism
The concept that a person’s or group’s beliefs, values, norms, and practices, should be understood from the perspective of the other group’s culture.
3.4 - Diffusion
The spread of information, ideas, behaviors, and other aspects of culture from their hearths to wider areas.
3.4 - Relocation Diffusion
The spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them.
3.4 - Expansion Diffusion
The spread of cultural traits outward through exchanging without migration.
3.4 - Contagious Diffusion
A cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people.
3.4 - Hierarchical Diffusion
Spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and influence. (Trickle Down)
3.4 - Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion
A trait diffuses from a group of lower status to a group of higher status. (Trickle Up)
3.4 - Stimulus Diffusion
When an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait.
3.5 - Imperialism
A broader concept that includes a variety of ways of influencing another country or group of people by direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance.
3.5 - Colonialism
A particular type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on the land of another country.
3.5 - Lingua Franca
A common language used by people who do not share the same native language.
3.5 - Pidgin Language
A simplified mixture of two languages. Has fewer grammar rules and a smaller vocabulary than either language but it is not the native language of either group.
3.5 - Creole Language
When two or more languages mix and develop a more formal structure and vocabulary so that they are no longer a pidgin language. A new combined language.
3.6 - Time-Space Convergence
The greater interconnection between places that results from improvements in transportation.
3.6 - Cultural Convergence
Result of globalization. When cultures are becoming similar to each other and share more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs.
3.6 - Cultural Divergence
The idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create divisions and changes.
3.7 - Indo-European Language Family
One of the 15 major language families. Nearly half of the world’s population speaks one of the languages of this family.
3.7 - Isoglosses
The boundaries between variations in pronunciations or word usage.
3.7 - Dialects
Variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling.
3.7 - Toponyms
Names of place, can provide insight into the physical geography, the history, or the culture of a location or region.
3.7 - Ethnic Religions
Belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers. Hinduism and Judaism.
3.7 - Universal Religions
Actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Sikhism.
3.8 - Acculturation
An ethnic or immigrant group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them, while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture.
3.8 - Assimilation
An ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving groups.
3.8 - Syncretism
The fusion of blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait.
3.8 - Multiculturalism
The coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study.
