APHuG Unit 3 Vocab (CED)

Question 1

3.1 - Culture

Answer 1

A visible force seen in a group’s actions, possessions, and influence on the landscape. Also an invisible force guiding people through shared belief systems, customs, and traditions.

Question 2

3.1 - Culture Hearth

Answer 2

The area in which a unique culture or a specific trait develops.

Question 3

3.1 - Traditional Culture

Answer 3

Used to encompass all three cultural designations.

Question 4

3.1 - Folk Culture

Answer 4

The beliefs and practices of small, homogenous groups of people, often living in rural areas that are relatively isolated and slow to change.

Question 5

3.1 - Indigenous Culture

Answer 5

When members of an ethnic group reside in their ancestral lands. Typically posses unique cultural traits.

Question 6

3.1 - Globalization

Answer 6

Increased integration of the world economy since the 1970s. The process of intensified interaction among people.

Question 7

3.1 - Popular Culture

Answer 7

When cultural traits spread quickly over a large area and are adopted by various groups.

Question 8

3.1 - Cultural Landscape

Answer 8

The modification of the environment by a group and is a visible reflection of that group’s cultural beliefs and values.

Question 9

3.1 - Material Culture

Answer 9

Tangible things that represent a culture.

Question 10

3.1 - Nonmaterial Culture

Answer 10

Intangible objects, or those not having a physical presence.

Question 11

3.1 - Sociofacts

Answer 11

The ways people organize their society and relate to one another.

Question 12

3.2 - Placelessness

Answer 12

Modern cultural landscapes exhibit a great deal of homogeneity.

Question 13

3.2 - Built Environment

Answer 13

The physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape.

Question 14

3.2 - Traditional Architecture

Answer 14

Style that reflects a local culture’s history, beliefs, values, and community adaptations to the environment, and typically utilizes locally available materials.

Question 15

3.2 - Postmodern Architecture

Answer 15

Developed after the 1960s. A movement away from boxy, concrete, or brick structures toward high rise structures made from large amounts of steel and glass sliding.

Question 16

3.2 - Ethnicity

Answer 16

Membership within a group of people who have common experiences and share similar characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, and history.

Question 17

3.2 - Cultural regions

Answer 17

Usually determined based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity.

Question 18

3.2 - Culture Realms

Answer 18

Include several regions. Cultures within a cultural realm have a few traits that they all share.

Question 19

3.2 - Sacred Places

Answer 19

Most specific places and natural features have religious significance.

Question 20

3.2 - Diaspora

Answer 20

When one group of people is dispersed to various locations.

Question 21

3.2 - Charter group

Answer 21

The first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a space.

Question 22

3.2 - Sequent Occupancy

Answer 22

When ethnic groups move in and out of neighborhoods and create new cultural imprints on the landscape.

Question 23

3.3 - Cultural Patterns

Answer 23

Consist of related sets of cultural traits and complexes that create similar behaviors across space.

Question 24

3.3 - Nationality

Answer 24

Based on people’s connection to a particular country.

Question 25

3.3 - Centripetal Forces

Answer 25

Those that unify a group of people or a region.

Question 26

3.3 - Centrifugal Forces

Answer 26

Those that divide a group of people or a region.

Question 27

3.3 - Ethnocentric

Answer 27

The belief their own cultural group is more important and superior to other cultures.

Question 28

3.3 - Cultural Relativism

Answer 28

The concept that a person’s or group’s beliefs, values, norms, and practices, should be understood from the perspective of the other group’s culture.

Question 29

3.4 - Diffusion

Answer 29

The spread of information, ideas, behaviors, and other aspects of culture from their hearths to wider areas.

Question 30

3.4 - Relocation Diffusion

Answer 30

The spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them.

Question 31

3.4 - Expansion Diffusion

Answer 31

The spread of cultural traits outward through exchanging without migration.

Question 32

3.4 - Contagious Diffusion

Answer 32

A cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people.

Question 33

3.4 - Hierarchical Diffusion

Answer 33

Spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and influence. (Trickle Down)

Question 34

3.4 - Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

Answer 34

A trait diffuses from a group of lower status to a group of higher status. (Trickle Up)

Question 35

3.4 - Stimulus Diffusion

Answer 35

When an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait.

Question 36

3.5 - Imperialism

Answer 36

A broader concept that includes a variety of ways of influencing another country or group of people by direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance.

Question 37

3.5 - Colonialism

Answer 37

A particular type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on the land of another country.

Question 38

3.5 - Lingua Franca

Answer 38

A common language used by people who do not share the same native language.

Question 39

3.5 - Pidgin Language

Answer 39

A simplified mixture of two languages. Has fewer grammar rules and a smaller vocabulary than either language but it is not the native language of either group.

Question 40

3.5 - Creole Language

Answer 40

When two or more languages mix and develop a more formal structure and vocabulary so that they are no longer a pidgin language. A new combined language.

Question 41

3.6 - Time-Space Convergence

Answer 41

The greater interconnection between places that results from improvements in transportation.

Question 42

3.6 - Cultural Convergence

Answer 42

Result of globalization. When cultures are becoming similar to each other and share more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs.

Question 43

3.6 - Cultural Divergence

Answer 43

The idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create divisions and changes.

Question 44

3.7 - Indo-European Language Family

Answer 44

One of the 15 major language families. Nearly half of the world’s population speaks one of the languages of this family.

Question 45

3.7 - Isoglosses

Answer 45

The boundaries between variations in pronunciations or word usage.

Question 46

3.7 - Dialects

Answer 46

Variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling.

Question 47

3.7 - Toponyms

Answer 47

Names of place, can provide insight into the physical geography, the history, or the culture of a location or region.

Question 48

3.7 - Ethnic Religions

Answer 48

Belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers. Hinduism and Judaism.

Question 49

3.7 - Universal Religions

Answer 49

Actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Sikhism.

Question 50

3.8 - Acculturation

Answer 50

An ethnic or immigrant group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them, while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture.

Question 51

3.8 - Assimilation

Answer 51

An ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving groups.

Question 52

3.8 - Syncretism

Answer 52

The fusion of blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait.

Question 53

3.8 - Multiculturalism

Answer 53

The coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study.