Aphasia classifications Flashcards
Boston
• Geschwind, Goodglass, Kaplan, etc.
• Two basic distinctions
o Aphasia can be fluent or nonfluent
o Aphasias can be cortical, subcortical, or transcortical
• Broca, Wernicke, Conduction, TransMotor, TransSensory, Anomic, Global
Luria
- Aphasia subtypes refer to the specific level of language that is impaired
- Motor efferent/kinesthetic, motor afferent/kinesthetic, acoustic-agnostic, acoustic-amnestic, semantic, dynamic, amnesic
- Equal importance of psycholinguistic and anatomical factors
- Motor aphasia: afferent, efferent
- Receptive: sensory acoustic, sensory amnestic
- Dynamic aphasia
- Semantic aphasia
Can classify based on anatomic centers and interconnections
• Broca, Wernicke, Wernicke-Lichthiem, Geschwind
Can classify based on impairment of underlying intellectual capacity
• Marie, Head, Goldstein, Jackson
Can classify based on psycholinguistic functions
• Wepman, Grodzinsky, Thompson
Hughlings Jackson
•• Distinction between automatic and volitional behavior
Language impairment in which speech is damaged/absent
• Language impairment in which there is copious errored output
• More along a continuum
• From Hallowell & Chapey (2008) – impairment in the use of propositional language
Wernicke-Lichtheim model (1884)
elaborated Wernicke, bases for classical anatomical-connectionist model of aphasia syndromes
• Conduction aphasia
• Model includes nodes for motor articulatory center, auditory word images, & conceptual center, with pathways and various places for lesions
• First diagram makers
Marie (1906)
- Only one basic type of aphasia: Wernicke’s
- Importance of underlying intellect
- Broca’s patients = Wernicke’s + motor speech
Head (1926)
- Disorder of symbolic formulation and expression, important in any type of behavior that involves symbols (not just language)
- Verbal aphasia, syntactic aphasia, nominal aphasia, semantic aphasia
Weisenburg & McBride (1935)
- Predominantly expressive, predominantly receptive, and amnestic
- After extensive intelligence and language testing, empirical and pragmatic approach
Goldstein (1948)
- Important in both anatomic and noetic movement
* Loss of capacity for abstract behavior reduces the capacity to deal with words
Schuell
- MTDDA
- Single general language factor accounts for all deficits
- Types based on severity and interactions with sensorimotor impairments
Jakobson
• Paradigmatic vs. syntagmatic aspects of language
• Paradigmatic: relationships between symbol and referent; selecting
o If on this axis: similarity disorder
o Similar to Wernicke’s
• Syntagmatic: relationship between elements in a string of linguistic elements; sequencing
o In on this axis: contiguity disorder, similar to Broca’s
Wepman
- Psycholinguistic view
- Semantic, syntactic, pragmatic
- Jargon, global aphasia
Geschwind
- Symptoms accounted for by transmission of information between motor/sensory processing centers
- Conduction aphasia = disconnection
- Introduced fluent, nonfluent, replacing terms expressive and receptive
Geschwind and the Boston system (updating of Wernicke-Lichtheim typologies)
- Classified on the basis of spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming
- Broca’s aphasia
- Transcortical motor aphasia
- Conduction aphasia
- Global aphasia
- Wernicke’s aphasia
- Transcortical sensory aphasia
- Anomic aphasia
Schwartz, 1984
- Grouping based on taxonomies may obscure the similarities in specific linguistic behaviors
- The classical aphasia typologies of the Wernicke-Lichtheim model are not relevant to current neurolinguistics understandings because they are polytypic – features of each typology overlap category boundaries. Thus, the typology Broca’s aphasia, one cannot predict specifc behaviors or a pattern of behaviors
Darley (1982)
independent of classification system employed, all classifications failed to show expected differences. Given the potential for likeness across types, classification not useful
McNeil & Kimelman (2001)
with the advancement of neuroimaging, behaviorally-based lesion location is not very useful
McNeil & Pratt (2001)
The classification of aphasia types do not specify the necessary and sufficient behavior to reveal group membership, nor the assumed mechanisms that produce such behaviors
Buckingham, 2010
• Recent neuroimaging evidence does not support a division of labor of neurolinguistic functioning into anterior and posterior cerebral systems
Marshall (2010)
scores for subtests of the PALPA varied widely for 4 individuals all judged to have fluent aphasia with similar lesion sites
