Aging - Transmission Deficit Hypothesis Flashcards
Primary Citation
MacKay & Burke 1990
Burke, MacKay, Worthley, & Wade, 1991
• Older adults exhibit more TOT states, demonstrated by experimental techniques and in natural production (indexed via retrospective interview, diary collections, and experimental elicitations) than younger adults. They also report a decreased number of persistent alternatives in TOT states. Especially vulnerable to TOT are people’s names, object names, adjectives/verbs, and proper names
MacKay & James, 2004
• Elicited speech errors exhibit selective age-effects: older individuals produced more omissions (especially involving inflectional endings) than young adults, and exhibited difficulties with context-based and Lashley sequencing processes related to phonology and morphology. Older adults more likely to produce certain slips of the tongue
Sommers & Danielson, 1999
• Redundancies in the semantic system mediate age-related naming effects: in SWR task, the age-related neighborhood effect (older adults had greater difficulty naming low frequency items in a dense neighborhood) was attenuated by context: no age effects were found with high predictability sentences
MacKay, Connor, Albert, & Obler, 2002
• In a naming study, phonemic cues yielded greater benefits on naming performance than semantic cues, especially for 60- and 70-year-old age groups
MacKay & Abrams, 1998
• In a study in which young, old, and old-old adults were required to listen to difficult to spell words, then spell them at their own pace, misspellings increased with age, especially for high-frequency words (with perceptual errors and differences in vocabulary factored out). With regularly spelled words, older adults produced more same- and different-pronunciation misspellings. But for irregularly spelled words, older adults only produce more same-pronunciation misspellings. Old adults were also aware of their inability to spell (indicated by a questionnaire). These results resemble declines in SWR
