APH

Question 1

Vasa praevia

Answer 1

Umbilical cord vessels over os
Tearing most likely during rupture of membranes or cervical dilatation
V abnormal CTG + small amt blood loss
Immed c section + neonatal transfusion

Question 2

APH

Answer 2

PV bleeding after 24 wks
2-4%
Can be mat, fetal or placental

Question 3

Placenta praevia

Answer 3

Placenta close to/ covering internal os
1% pregnancies
Incr predisposition:
older women, prev c section, incr parity, prev placenta praevia, smoking, multiple gestational

Question 4

Grading of placenta praevia

Answer 4

Minor:
I - encroaches on lower segment
II - reaches internal os (marginal)
Major:
III - covers part of os (partial)
IV - completely cover os (complete)

Question 5

Risks of placenta praevia

Answer 5

Haemorrhagic shock
C section complications
Transfusion related complications
Concurrent placenta acreta = massive haemorrhage