ApGovernment_JuanJaimes_Ch.4. Flashcards
The Crown v. Zenger
Legal case in the colony of New York that is considered a precursor to free press provisions in the Constitution. The case did not set legal precedent, but did reflect a difference between British authorities and colonists with regard to press freedoms.
Civil liberties
The personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge y law, constitution, or judicial interpretation.
Civil rights
The government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals.
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties.
Ninth Amendment
Part of the Bill of Rights that makes it clear that enumerating rights in the Constitution or the Bill of Rights does not mean that others do not exist.
Tenth Amendment
The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American Federalism in Stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people.
Fourteenth Amendment
One of the three major amendments enacted after the Civil War, extending “equal protection of the law”to all citizens.
Due Process Clause
Clause contained in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments; over the years, it has been construed to guarantee a variety of tights to individuals
Substantive Due Process
Judicial interpretation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments’due process clauses. Protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws
Sedition laws
Laws that make it illegal to speak or write any political criticism that threatened to diminish respect for the government, its laws, or public officials.
Gitlow v. New york
A supreme court case that extended the first amendment protection of freedom of speech and of the press to the state governments.
Incorporation Doctrine
An interpretation of the constitution holding that the due process clause do the fourteenth amendments requires state and local governments to guarantee the rights stated in the bill of tights.
Selective Incorporation
A judicial doctrine whereby most, but not all, protections found in the bill of rights are made applicable at the sate via the fourteenth amendment.
Fundamental freedom
Those rights defined by the Court as essential to order, liberty, and Justice therefore entitled to the highest standards of review.
Warren Court
Those rights defined bu the court history during which earl warren served a chief justice.
Earl warren
The fourteenth chief justice of the united states who served from 1953 to 1969 and led the court through an important liberal phase; previously a republic governor and presidential nominee.
First Amendment
Part of the bill of rights that imposes a number of restrictions on the federal government with respect to civil liberties,including speech press assembly and petition.,
Establishment clause
The first clause of the first amendment it directs the national government not o sanction an official religion.
Free exerciser clause
The second clause of the first amendment, it prohibits the U.S government from interfering with a citizens right to practice his or her religion.
Lemon Test
Three-part test created by the supreme court for examining the constitutionalism of religions establishment issues.
Prior Restraint
Constitutional doctrine that prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact, generally held to be in violation of the first amendment.
Alien and sedition acts
Laws passed in 1798 that allowed the imprisonment and deportation of aliens considered dangerous and criminalized false statements against the government.
Abolitionist
A supporter, especially in the early nineteenth century of an end to the institution of slavery.
Abraham Lincoln
Sixteenth president of the united states first elected republic president, who served from 1861-1865. Lincoln, who led the union during the civil war, was assassinated in 1865 by a confederate sympathize, john wiles.
