APGovCh.14.Juan.Jaimes

Question 1

Interest Group

Answer 1

A collection of people organizations that tries to influence public policy.

• Obviously, an organization benefits greatly when its interest group persuades the government to allow it to regulate itself.

Question 2

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 2

A major interest group, founded in 1833, to advocate for the abolition of the institution of slavery throughout the United States.

-These differences led to the organization of a new National Anti-slavery Society in 1840, and to the formation of the “Liberty Party” (q.v.) in politics.

Question 3

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Answer 3

A public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor, its activities included prayer groups, protest marches, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons.

-Suffragists helped establish organizations such as the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the National Purity Association, which led the fights to push men out of saloons and women out of brothels.

Question 4

The Grange

Answer 4

Founded in 1867 as an educational organization for farmers, The Grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of farming communities and rural areas.

-Due to the efforts of farmers to create The Grange, the farmers were able to become the first truly national interest group.

Question 5

Lobbyist

Answer 5

Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organizations or client trough political and or financial persuasion.

-The entire industry is a powerhouse of lobbyist groups, organizations and funding that remain a substantial threat to the potential for universal health care coverage for all Americans.

Question 6

Progressive Movement

Answer 6

Progressive movement of political and social activist from the 1890’s to the 1920’s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions.

-The main objectives of the Progressive movement were eliminating problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption.

Question 7

Public Interest Group

Answer 7

An organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members.

-Environmental interest groups are generally public-interest groups, as their work benefits a wider community beyond their own active membership

Question 8

American Federation of Labor(AFL)

Answer 8

Founded in 1886, AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organizations for the first time. It merged in 1955 with the congress of industrial organizations to form the AFL-CIO.

-The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was a national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in Columbus

Question 9

National Association of Manufacturers(NAM)

Answer 9

An organizations founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth of organized labor.

-The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) is an advocacy group.

Question 10

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Answer 10

A major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912.

-A chamber of commerce (or board of trade) is a form of business network, for example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses.

Question 11

Trade Association

Answer 11

A group that represents a specific industry.

-Examples of trade associations that focus on a specific industry or sector of an industry are the American Medical Association

Question 12

Jerry Falwell

Answer 12

A southeast baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the Moral Majority.

-Jerry Falwell was the founding pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church, a megachurch in Lynch burg, Virginia.

Question 13

Moral Majority

Answer 13

A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative Evangelical Christian voters from its founding in 1978 troughs the presidency of Ronald Reagan.

-The Moral Majority was a prominent American political organization associated with the Christian right and Republican Party.

Question 14

Pat Robertson

Answer 14

A southeast baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the christian coalition.

-Pat Robertson serves as chancellor and CEO of Regent University and chairman of the Christian Broadcasting Network.

Question 15

Christian Coalition

Answer 15

A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative christian principles and traditional values in american politics.

-The group is working in coalition with other environmental groups.

Question 16

National Rifle Association(NRA)

Answer 16

The major gun-rights lobbying group in the United States, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the second amendment.

-The NRA has directly lobbied for and against firearms legislation since 1975.

Question 17

AFL-CIO

Answer 17

A large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of the American Federation of Labor(AFL) and its one-time rival the Congress of Industrial Organizations.

-The main purpose of the AFL-CIO is to bring fairness and dignity to the workplace and secure social and economic equity.

Question 18

Social Capital

Answer 18

Cooperative relationship that facilitate the resolution of collective problems.

-The automotive repair shop had accumulated a wealth of social capital by treating its customers fairly and not taking advantage of senior citizens.

Question 19

Civic Virtue

Answer 19

The tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good.

-Instead, most scholars working on this topic have assumed that civic virtue must be promoted indirectly.

Question 20

Pluralist Theory

Answer 20

The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups.

-Pluralism is a theory that centers on the idea of how power is distributed. The pluralist model indicates that power is distributed among many groups

Question 21

Disturbance theory

Answer 21

The theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system.

-Disturbance Theory. States that interest groups form primarily in opposition to other interest groups so as to counteract influence in their respective political domains.

Question 22

Transactions theory

Answer 22

The theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors.

-The theory of transaction cost economics, also called social cost theory, is a contractual concept developed by British economist Ronald Coase

Question 23

Collective good

Answer 23

Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment.

-Alternatively, the collective good is seen as paramount, and individual freedom must be constrained to achieve that collective good.

Question 24

Economic Interest Group

Answer 24

A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interest of its members.

-Economic interest groups are one of the five broad categories of interest groups in the US.

Question 25

Political action committee

Answer 25

Officially recognition fund-raising organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates campaigns.

• The governor received over $3 million in campaign contributions from political action committees.

Question 26

Lobbying

Answer 26

The activist of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the groups position.

-A provision intended to prevent lobbying is that no one except legislators and the representatives of the press may be admitted to the floor of the House except by unanimous vote.

Question 27

Marian Wright Edelman

Answer 27

A lawyer who is 1973 founded the Children Defense Fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups.

-Marian Wright Edelman (born 1939) was a lobbyist, lawyer, civil rights activist who founded the Children’s Defense Fund in 1973 to advocate children’s rights.

Question 28

Patron

Answer 28

A person who finances a group or individual activity.

-The advantages thus obtained by the guest were, the right of hospitality when travelling and, above all, the protection of his host (representing him as his patron) in a court of law.

Question 29

Free Rider problem

Answer 29

Potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort.

• the free-rider problem occurs when those who benefit from resources, public goods, or services do not pay for them, which results in an under provision of those goods or services.

Question 30

Lobbying Disclosure Act

Answer 30

A 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist and established strict reporting requirements on the activities of lobbyist.

-The lobbying disclosure act was amended substantially by the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007.

Question 31

Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007

Answer 31

Lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector.

• Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 is a law of the United States federal government that amended parts of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995.