Ap.GovCh.5.Juan.Jaimes

Question 1

Harriet Tubman

Answer 1

born a slave in ,Maryland in the early 1820s, and Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor of the underground railroad. She led more than 70 people to freedom.

Question 2

Abolitionist

Answer 2

A supporter, especially in the early nineteenth century, of ending the institution of slavery.

Question 3

Civil Rights

Answer 3

The government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by the government.

Question 4

Equal Protection clause

Answer 4

Section of the fourteenth amendment that guarantees that all citizens received equal protection of the laws.

Question 5

Frederick Douglass

Answer 5

A former slave born in the early 1800s who became a leading abolitionist, writer and suffragist.

Question 6

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 6

Leading nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who, along with Elizabeth Cady Mott organized the Seneca Falls Convention.

Question 7

Lucretia Mott

Answer 7

The first major feminist meeting, held in new york state in 1848, which produced the historic declaration of sentiments calling for equal rights for women.

Question 8

Seneca falls convention

Answer 8

The first major feminist meeting, held in new york state in 1848, which produced the historic declaration of sentiments calling for equal rights for women.

Question 9

Dred Scott V. Sandford

Answer 9

A supreme court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans. Dred Scott heightened tensions between the pro-slavery south and the abolitionist north in the run up to the civil war.

Question 10

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 10

President Abraham Lincoln issued this proclamation on January 1 1863. In the third year of the civil war. It freed all slaves in states that were in active rebellion against the united states.

Question 11

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 11

One of the there major amendments ratified after the civil war, especially bands slavery in the united states.

Question 12

Fourteenth amendment

Answer 12

One of the three major amendments ratified after the civil war, guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S citizens.

Question 13

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 13

One of the three major amendments ratified after the civil war, specifically enfranchised newly freed male slaves.

Question 14

Susan B Anthony

Answer 14

Nineteenth Century feminist, suffragist, and founder of the national woman suffrage association with elizabeth cady stanton , anthony later formed the national american woman suffrage association =, which along with the national woman party helped to ensure ratification of the nineteenth amendment.

Question 15

Civil rights act of 1875

Answer 15

Passed by congress to enforce the fourteenth amendment guarantees of equal protection to African Americans. Granted equal access to public accommodations among other provisions.

Question 16

Jim Crow laws

Answer 16

Laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels and other public accommodations.

Question 17

Poll Taxes

Answer 17

Taxes levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot.

Question 18

Grandfather Clause

Answer 18

Voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens whose grandfather had voted before reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test.

Question 19

Progressive Era

Answer 19

A period of widespread activism to reform political, economic, and social ills in the united states.

Question 20

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 20

Supreme court case that challenged a Louisianan statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites, the curt found that separate-but-equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment.

Question 21

Separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 21

The central tenet of the plessy v. furguson decision hat claimed that separate but accommodations for blacks and whites did not violate the constitution. This doctrine was used by southern states to pass a widespread discriminatory legislation at the end of the nineteenth century.

Question 22

(NAACP)

Answer 22

An important rights organization founded in 1909 to oppose segregation, racism, and voting rights violations targeted against African Americans.

Question 23

(NAWSA)

Answer 23

Organization created by joining the National and American Woman suffrage association.

Question 24

Suffrage Movement

Answer 24

The drive for voting rights women that took place in the united sates in the nineteenth and early twentieth century until ratification of the nineteenth amendment.

Question 25

Nineteenth amendment

Answer 25

Amendment to the constitution passed in 1920 that guaranteed women the right to vote.

Question 26

NAACP Legal defection and educational fund

Answer 26

The legal arm of the NAACP that successfully litigated the landmark case of Brown. V. The Board of Education and a host of other key civil rights cases.

Question 27

Thurmond Marshall

Answer 27

A leading civil rights lawyer and the first head of the NAACP legal deference educational fund. Marshall was the first African american appointed to the supreme court and served on the court from 1967 until 1991.

Question 28

Harry S Truman

Answer 28

The thirty-third president, a democrat, who served from 1945 until 1953. Truman became president when Franklin D Roosevelt died in office, he led the united states troughs the end of world war 2 and the start of the cold war.

Question 29

Brown v the board of education

Answer 29

U.S supreme court decision holding the school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the fourteenth amendment guarantee of equal protection of the law.

Question 30

Dwight D Eisenhower

Answer 30

The thirty-fourth president, a republican, who served from 1953 to 1961. Eisenhower commanded allied forces during world war 2.

Question 31

Rosa Parks

Answer 31

A leading civil rights activist of the twentieth century. Parks was most notably involved with the Montgomery bus boycott.

Question 32

Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 32

A baptist minister, proponent of nonviolence, and the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement of the 1950 and 1960. He was assassinated.

Question 33

John F Kennedy

Answer 33

the thirty-fifth president, a democrat, who served from 1961-1963 and marked a generational shift in U.S. politics at the height of the Cold war. He was assassinated.

Question 34

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 34

Wide-ranging legislation passed by congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment, education, and voting. Created the equal employment opportunity commission.

Question 35

National Organization for Women

Answer 35

The leading activist group of the women rights movement, especially in the 1960s and 1970s,

Question 36

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 36

First lady of the United states from 1933 to 1945, Roosevelt championed human rights throughout her life and served as the U.S. first delegate to the united nations general assembly and later chaired the UN commission on human rights.

Question 37

Equal pay act of 1963

Answer 37

Legislation that requires employers to pay men and women equal for equal work.

Question 38

Tittle IX

Answer 38

Provision of the education amendments of 1972 that bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students.

Question 39

Equal rights amendment

Answer 39

Proposed amendment to the constitution that states equality of right under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or any state on account of sex.

Question 40

League of United Latin American Citizens

Answer 40

An activist group founded in 1929 to combat discrimination against, and promote assimilation among, american of Hispanic origin.

Question 41

Cesar Chavez

Answer 41

Labor organize who, with Dolores Huerta, founded the united farm workers union.

Question 42

Dolores Huerta

Answer 42

Labor organizer who, with cezar chavez, founded the united farm workers union.

Question 43

Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund

Answer 43

An organization modeled on the NAACP legal defense and educational fund that works to protect the civil rights of Americans of Mexican and other Hispanic heritage.

Question 44

Chinese exclusion act

Answer 44

A law passed by congress in 1882 that prohibited all new immigration into the U.S from china

Question 45

Korematsu v. U.S

Answer 45

A supreme court case ruling that upheld the authority of the U.S government to require mass interment of people of Japanese ancestry in the united states during world war 2.

Question 46

LGBT community

Answer 46

A minority group based on sexual orientation and gender identity that includes lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people.

Question 47

Lawrence V. Texas

Answer 47

A 2003 supreme court ruling that anti sodomy laws violated the constitutional right to privacy.

Question 48

United States v. Windsor

Answer 48

A supreme court ruling striking down the 1996 defense of marriage act, which prohibited federal recognition of same sex marriage.

Question 49

Obergefell v. Hodges

Answer 49

Supreme court ruling that held that same-sex couples have a fundamental right to marry under the constitution.

Question 50

Americans with disabilities

Answer 50

A law enacted by congress in 1990 designed to guarantee accommodations and access for people with range of liabilities.

Question 51

Standards of review

Answer 51

The levels of deference the court gives governments to craft policies that make distinctions on the basis of personal characteristics. These standards stem from the courts need to ensure that laws do not undermine the fourteenth amendment equal protection clause.

Question 52

Suspect Classifications

Answer 52

Category or class, such as race or a fundamental freedom, that triggers the highest standards of scrutiny from the supreme court.

Question 53

Strict Scrutiny

Answer 53

A heightened standard of review used by the supreme court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice. Legislation affecting the fundamental freedoms of speech, assembly, religion, and the press as well as suspect classifications are automatically accorded this level of review.

Question 54

Affirmative action

Answer 54

Policies designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group.

Question 55

Intermediate Standard of review

Answer 55

A standard of review in which the court determines weather classifications serve an important governmental objective and are substantively related to serving that objective. Gender-related legislation automatically accorded his level of review.

Question 56

Rational basis standard of review

Answer 56

A standard of review in which the court determines whether any rational foundation for the discrimination exists. Legislation affecting individuals based on age, wealth, mental capacity, are generally given a review.

Question 57

Standards of review

Answer 57

The levels of deference the court gives governments to craft policies that make distinctions on the basis of personal characteristics. These standards stem from the courts need to ensure that laws do not undermine the fourteenth amendment equal protection clause.