APGOVCh8.Jamian.Kortekaas

Question 1

Federal Bureaucracy

Answer 1

The thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs.

The Federal Bureaucracy gets a bad reputation for being inefficient.

Question 2

Max Weber

Answer 2

German sociologist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies.

Max Weber was one of the first to describe the functioning of bureaucracies.

Question 3

Spoils System

Answer 3

The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party.

Rutherford B. Hayes wanted to replace the spoils system with a merit system.

Question 4

Patronage

Answer 4

Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.

The Spoils system is an example of political patronage.

Question 5

Merit System

Answer 5

A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty.

The Merit System eventually replaced the Spoils System.

Question 6

Pendleton Act

Answer 6

Reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission.

The Pendleton Act created the Civil Service Commission.

Question 7

Civil Service System

Answer 7

The merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected.

The Civil Service System is the first time the merit system is introduced.

Question 8

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 8

Amendment to the US Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

The Sixteenth Amendment was first introduced by Abraham Lincoln but got turned down because of its unconstitutionality.

Question 9

World War I

Answer 9

A global military conflict that took place from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories. The United States militarily intervened from 1917-1918.

World War I greatly strengthened the US economy.

Question 10

Great Depression

Answer 10

A severe global economic downturn marked by mass unemployment and poverty that began in the United States in 1929 and persisted to some degree until the end of the 1930s.

The Great Depression expanded the role of the federal government.

Question 11

World War II

Answer 11

A global military conflict that took place from 1939-1945in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region. The United States was formally involved in the war from 1941-1945.

World War II has made the United States the sole superpower of the world.

Question 12

G.I. (Government Issues) Bill

Answer 12

Federal legislation enacted in 1944 that provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates to enable them to buy homes.

The G.I. Bill was reformed after complaints from veterans.

Question 13

Great Society

Answer 13

Reform program began in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform, and unemployment relief.

The Great Society was created by Lyndon B. Johnson.

Question 14

Department of Homeland Security

Answer 14

Cabinet department created after September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts.

The Department of Homeland Security is credited with launching the Patriot Act.

Question 15

Cabinet Departments

Answer 15

Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture.

Cabinet Departments are not explicitly defined by the US Constitution.

Question 16

Independent Executive Agencies

Answer 16

Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and perform services rather than regulatory functions.

An example of an Independent Executive Agency is NASA apart of the Department of Defense.

Question 17

Independent Regulatory Commission

Answer 17

An entity created by Congress outside a major executive department that regulates a specified interest or economic activity.

The FDA is an Independent Regulatory Commission.

Question 18

Government Corporations

Answer 18

Businesses established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide, such as the US Postal Service and Amtrak. Often established when the financial incentives for private industry to provide services are minimal.

The Postal Service is the prime example of a government corporation.

Question 19

Hatch Act

Answer 19

The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate.

The Hatch Act was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939.

Question 20

Implementation

Answer 20

The process by which a law or policy is put into operation.

The policy process has to undergo implementation after being proposed.

Question 21

Iron Triangles

Answer 21

The relatively ironclad relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees.

Iron Triangles was described by Gordon Adams in 1981.

Question 22

Issue Networks

Answer 22

The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas.

Issue Networks can be either domestic or international depending on the collective goal.

Question 23

Interagency Councils

Answer 23

Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies.

There is an interagency council on homelessness in America.

Question 24

Policy Coordinating Committees (PCCs)

Answer 24

Committees created at the sub-Cabinet level to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems.

An example of a policy coordinating committee is the criminal justice department.

Question 25

Administrative Discretion

Answer 25

The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions.

Regulatory agencies are groups that practice administrative discretion.

Question 26

Rule Making

Answer 26

A quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act.

Regulatory agencies are in the process of rulemaking.

Question 27

Regulations

Answer 27

Rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law.

Regulations concerning climate change have been repealed by President Trump.

Question 28

Federal Register

Answer 28

The official journal of the US government, including all federal rules and public notices so that citizens and organization can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes.

The 2012 Federal Register has 78,000 pages in total.

Question 29

Administrative Adjudication

Answer 29

A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties similar to the way courts resolve disputes.

Administrative Adjudication is also used when discussing the law process.