APGOVCh14.Jamian.Kortekaas

Question 1

Interest Group

Answer 1

A collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy.

Interest groups are usually welcomed by different campaign parties.

Question 2

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 2

A major interest group, founded in 1833, to advocate for the abolition of the institution of slavery throughout the United States.

The American Anti-Slavery Society impacted the census surrounding slavery in the northern states.

Question 3

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Answer 3

A public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. Its activities included prayer groups, protest marches, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons.

The Women’s Christian Temperance Union established the 18th amendment, a call for the prohibition of liqour.

Question 4

The Grange

Answer 4

Founded in 1867 as an educational organization for farmers. The Grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of farming communities and rural areas.

United farmers apart of The Grange established the People’s Party which called for a focus on the agricultural industries of the US.

Question 5

Lobbyist

Answer 5

Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion.

Lobbyists often have a negative connotation as several are accused of influencing illegitimate political campaigns.

Question 6

Progressive Movement

Answer 6

A broad group of political and social activists from the 1890s to the 1920s who opposed corruption in government-supported regulation of monopolies and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions.

The Progressive Movement eventually gave to the enactment of Anti-Trust laws in the US.

Question 7

Public Interest Group

Answer 7

An organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members.

In contrast to regular interest groups, public interest groups benefits collectivism.

Question 8

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 8

Founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. It merged in 1955 with the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO.

The American Federation of Labor were the first organization to promote unions in the US.

Question 9

National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)

Answer 9

An organization founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth of organized labor.

The goal of the National Association of Manufacturers is to enhance economic growth for manufacturers.

Question 10

US Chamber of Commerce

Answer 10

A major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912.

The lobbying group US Chamber of Commerce typically supports the Republican Party rather than Democrats.

Question 11

Trade Association

Answer 11

A group that represents a specific industry.

A Trade Associations are funded by a college of businesses in a given industry.

Question 12

Jerry Falwell

Answer 12

A Southern Baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the Moral Majority.

Jerry Falwell along with other televangelists was accused of fraud during the 1980’s.

Question 13

Moral Majority

Answer 13

A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative Evangelical Christian voters from its founding in 1978 through the presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981-1989).

The Moral Majority is typically associated with fraud throughout the 1980’s where televangelists tried to manipulate their audiences.

Question 14

Pat Robertson

Answer 14

A Southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the Chrisitan Coalition.

Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell were apart of the Moral Majority.

Question 15

Christian Coalition

Answer 15

A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative Chrisitan principles and traditional values in American politics.

Christian Coalition is similar to the Moral Majority in that both try to advance a religious ideology.

Question 16

National Rifle Association (NRA)

Answer 16

The major gun-rights lobbying group in the United States, which opposes gun control and dances an expansive interpretation of the Second Amendment.

The National Rifle Association has been the hotspot of controversy recently due to violence.

Question 17

AFL-CIO

Answer 17

A large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and its one-time rival the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).

The AFL-CIO has a shared goal to improve the lives of working people through unions.

Question 18

Social Capital

Answer 18

Cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems.

Social Capital allows networks of relationships among people to thrive creating an efficient society.

Question 19

Civic Virtue

Answer 19

The tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good.

Civic Virtue is most often associated with Republicanism where it is a citizens duty to be involved in different organizations for the public good.

Question 20

Pluralist Theory

Answer 20

The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups.

An example of the pluralist theory is when unions and employers negotiate on the basis of the needs of employees.

Question 21

Disturbance Theory

Answer 21

The theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system.

Disturbance Theory, in simplest terms, allows interest groups to counteract influence from another interest group.

Question 22

Transactions Theory

Answer 22

The theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors.

Transactions Theory is often brought into light when considering how public policies are constructed on the basis of politicians.

Question 23

Collective Good

Answer 23

Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment.

Common collective goods are defense, environmental goods, and information services.

Question 24

Economic Interest Group

Answer 24

A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members.

Economic Interest Groups can represent big businesses as a whole.

Question 25

Political Action Committee (PAC)

Answer 25

Officially recognized fund-raising organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal laws to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns.

Political Action Committee can raise an unlimited amount of money for a candidates’ campaign.

Question 26

Lobbying

Answer 26

The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position.

Lobbying has a negative connotation in that they can influence politicians for their own goals.

Question 27

Patron

Answer 27

A person who finances a group or individual activity.

Patrons are commonly found in candidates’ campaign where they endorse a certain candidate.

Question 28

Free Rider Problem

Answer 28

Potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort.

The Republican Party is known to address the Free-Rider Problem in terms of Welfare.

Question 29

Lobbying Disclosure Act

Answer 29

A 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist and established strict reporting requirements on the activities of lobbyists.

The Lobbying Disclosure Act was one of the most important federal legislation that restricted campaign finance laws until 2010.

Question 30

Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007

Answer 30

Lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector.

The Lobbying Disclosure Act was amended by the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007.

Question 31

Marian Wright Edelman

Answer 31

A lawyer who in 1973 founded the Children’s Defense Fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups.

Marian Wright Edelman’s efforts led to the creation of an interest group whose goal was to promote rights to the disadvantaged youth.