APGOVCh5.Jamian.Kortekaas Flashcards
Harriet Tubman
Born a slave in Maryland in the early 1820s, Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad. She led more than seventy people to freedom in the North, served in the Union during the Civil War, and championed women’s suffrage.
Abolitionist
A supporter, especially in the early nineteenth century, of ending the institution of slavery.
Civil Rights
The government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals.
Equal Protection Clause
Section of the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive ëqual protection of the laws.
Frederick Douglass
A former slave born in the early 1800swho became a leading abolitionist, writer, and suffragist.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Leading nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who, along with Lucretia Mott, organized the Seneca Falls Convention. Stanton later founded the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) with Susan B. Anthony.
Lucretia Mott
Leading nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who, along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized the Seneca Falls Convention.
Seneca Falls Convention
The first major feminist meeting, held in New York State in 1848, which produced the historic Declaration of Sentiments calling for equal rights for women.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
A Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans. Dred Scott heightened tensions between the pro-slavery South and the abolitionist North in the run up to the Civil War.
Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued this proclamation on January 1, 1863, in the third year of the Civil War. It freed all slaves in states that were in active rebellion against the United States.
Thirteenth Amendment
One of the major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically bans slavery in the United States.
Fourteenth Amendment
One of three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all US citizens.
Fifteenth Amendment
One of three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically enfranchised newly freed male slaves.
Susan B. Anthony
Nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Anthony later formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), which along with the National Womanś Party (NWP) helped to ensure ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
PAssed by Congress to enforce the Fourteenth Amendmentś guarantees of equal protection to African Americans. Granted equal access to public accommodations among other provisions.
Jim Crow Laws
Laws enacted by southern states that theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations.
Poll Taxes
Taxes levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot.
Grandfather Clause
Voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens whose grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test.
Progressive Era (1890-1920)
A period of widespread activism to reform political, economic, and social life in the United States.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Supreme Court case that challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Separate-but-equal Doctrine
The central tenet of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision that claimed that separate accommodations for blacks and whites did not violate the Constitution. This doctrine was used by southern states to pass widespread discriminatory legislation at the end of the nineteenth century.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
An important rights organization founded in 1909 to oppose segregation, racism, and voting rights violations targeted against African Americans.