ApGovCh.8.Alyssa.Lujano

Question 1

Federal bureaucracy

Answer 1

The thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs.

Sentence: The federal bureaucracy has three departments.

Question 2

Max Weber

Answer 2

German sociologist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who articulated the hierarchical structure and near- mechanical functioning bureaucracies in complex societies.

Sentence: Max Weber defined bureaucracy as any administration system that is conducted by trained professionals.

Question 3

Spoils system

Answer 3

The firing of public office- holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalties of the newly elected parties.

Sentence: The spoils system is considered a from of patronage.

Question 4

Patronage

Answer 4

Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.

Sentence: Many reformers wanted change in the patronage system in 1880.

Question 5

Merit System

Answer 5

A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty.

Sentence: The merit system affected job seekers who wanted to secure a position before Congress could act on the Civil Service System.

Question 6

Pendleton Act

Answer 6

Reform measure that established the principle of Federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission.

Sentence: The Civil Service Reform Act is also known as the Pendleton Act.

Question 7

Civil Service System

Answer 7

The merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected.

Sentence: Only two elements have been added to Civil Service System since 1883.

Question 8

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 8

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

Sentence: The Sixteenth Amendment affected the size and growth potential of the government.

Question 9

World War I

Answer 9

A global military conflict that took place from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories. The United States militarily intervened from 1917-1918.

Sentence: There was a decline in the construction industry after World War I.

Question 10

Great Depression

Answer 10

A severe global economic downturn marked by mass unemployment and poverty that began in the United States in 1929 and persisted in some degree until the end of the 1930s.

Sentence: In 1929 when stock prices crashed, the Great Depression happened.

Question 11

World War II

Answer 11

A global military conflict that took place from 1939-1945 in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the pacific region. The United States was formally involved in the war from 1941-1945.

Sentence: World War II heavily affected the economy, due to jobs many men going to war.

Question 12

G.I. (Government Issue) Bill

Answer 12

Federal legislation enacted in 1944 that provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates to enable them to buy homes.

Sentence: The G.I. Bill led to a greater involvement of the government in regulation.

Question 13

Great Society

Answer 13

Reform program begun in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform , and unemployment relief.

Sentence: The Great Society was a set of domestic programs.

Question 14

Department of Homeland Security

Answer 14

Cabinet department created after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts.

Sentence: In the Department of Homeland Security, multiple agencies have authority in the same issue areas.

Question 15

Cabinet departments

Answer 15

Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture.

Sentence: 60 percent of the federal workforce are the Cabinet departments.

Question 16

Independent executive agencies

Answer 16

Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet Department but have narrower areas of responsibility and perform services rather than regulatory functions.

Sentence: Independent executive agencies perform different services than regulatory functions.

Question 17

Independent regulatory commission

Answer 17

An entity created by Congress outside a major executive department that regulates a specified interest or economic activity.

Sentence: Congress wanted to create Independent regulatory commission because of economic issues.

Question 18

Government Corporations

Answer 18

Business established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide, such as the U.S. Postal Service and Amtrak. Often established when the financial incentives for private industry to provide services are minimal.

Sentence: Governmental agencies don’t usually charge a fee for their services, Government Corporations do charge a fee for their services.

Question 19

Hatch Act

Answer 19

The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate.

Sentence: In 1993, the Hatch Act was liberalized to allow employees to run for public office.

Question 20

Implementation

Answer 20

The process by which a law or policy is put into operation.

Sentence: Implementation can also be described as executing a plan into effect.

Question 21

Iron triangles

Answer 21

The relatively ironclad relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees.

Sentence: Iron triangles does not dominate most policy processes anymore.

Question 22

Issue networks

Answer 22

The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas.

Sentence: Issue networks include members of the Congress, agency officials, etc.

Question 23

Interagency councils

Answer 23

Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies.

Sentence: President George W. Bush formed an Interagency council to address an economic crises after the terrorist attack of the twin towers.

Question 24

Policy Coordinating committees (PCCs)

Answer 24

Committees created at the sub-cabinet level to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems.

Sentence: Representatives from different executive departments, are what mainly compose the Homeland Security Council Policy Coordinating committees.

Question 25

Administrative discretion

Answer 25

The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions.

Sentence: Administrative discretion is used by bureaucrats through rule making.

Question 26

Rule making

Answer 26

A quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act.

Sentence: The 1946 Administrative Procedures Act established the rule making procedures, to give citizens the chance to participate in this process.

Question 27

Federal Register

Answer 27

The official journal of the U.S. government, including all federal rules and public notices so that citizens and organization can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes.

Sentence: The Federal Register is published every business day by the National Archives and Records Administration.

Question 28

Administrative Adjudication

Answer 28

A quasi- judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties similar to the way courts resolve disputes.

Sentence: Administrative Adjudication is used people are violating the agency rule or regulation.

Question 29

Regulations

Answer 29

Rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law.

Sentence: Regulations involve political conflict, most of the time.