ApGovCh.2.Alyssa.Lujano

Question 1

New World

Answer 1

The Western Hemisphere of Earth, also called The Americas, which was unknown to Europeans before 1492.

Question 2

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 2

A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at the Constitution Convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754, twenty-two years before the Declaration of Independence.

Question 3

French and Indian War

Answer 3

The American phase of what was called the Seven Years War, fought from 1754 to 1763 between Britain and France with Indian allies.

Question 4

Mercantilism

Answer 4

An economic theory designed to increase a nation’s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

Question 5

Samuel Adams

Answer 5

Cousin of President John Adams and an early leader against the British and loyalist oppressors; he played a key role in developing the committees of correspondence and was active in Massachusetts and colonial politics.

Question 6

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 6

A gathering of nine colonial representatives in 1765 in New York City where a detailed list of crown violations was drafted; first official meeting of the colonies and the first official step toward creating a unified nation.

Question 7

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 7

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonists who were early revolutionaries.

Question 8

Crispus Attucks

Answer 8

An African American and first American to die in what became known as the Boston Massacre in 1770.

Question 9

First Continental Congress

Answer 9

Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which fifty-six delegates adopted a resolution

Question 10

Lexington and Concord

Answer 10

The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British soldiers, remembered for the ¨shot heard round the world¨ in 1775.

Question 11

Second Continental Congress

Answer 11

Meeting in Philadelphia in 1775 at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief.

Question 12

Thomas Paine

Answer 12

The influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain.

Question 13

Common Sense

Answer 13

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British government to govern the colonies.

Question 14

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 14

Author of the Declaration of Independence. Second vice president of the United States, Third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Co founder of the Democratic- Republican party created to oppose Federalists.

Question 15

Declaration of Independence

Answer 15

Document drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain.

Question 16

Social contract theory

Answer 16

The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed.

Question 17

Political Culture

Answer 17

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how government should operate.

Question 18

Articles of Confederation

Answer 18

The compact between the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states.

Question 19

Critical Period

Answer 19

The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 20

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 20

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.

Question 21

Constitutional Convention

Answer 21

The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced and entirely new document, in the U.S. constitution.

Question 22

George Washington

Answer 22

Considered the ¨Father of the Nation¨ he was the commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention; and as the United States first president from 1789 to 1797.

Question 23

Constitution

Answer 23

A document establishing the structure, functions, and the limitations of a government.

Question 24

Virginia Plan

Answer 24

Drafted by James Madison, and presented by Edmund Randolph to the Constitutional Convention on May 29, 1787, the Virginia Plan proposed a strong central government composed of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

Question 25

New Jersey Plan

Answer 25

Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn’t want to be bullied by larger states.

Question 26

Great Compromise

Answer 26

The final decision of the constitutional convention to create a two-house legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made national law supreme.

Question 27

Three-Fifths compromise

Answer 27

Agreement reached at the constitutional convention stipulating that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purposes of determining population for representation in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Question 28

Electoral College

Answer 28

The system established by the constitution through which the president is chosen by electors from each state, which has as many electoral votes as it has members of Congress.

Question 29

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 29

A key Framer who envisioned a powerful central government, co- authored The Federalist Papers, and served as the first secretary of the Treasury.

Question 30

Montesquieu

Answer 30

The French baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances.

Question 31

Federalism

Answer 31

The distribution of constitutional authority between state government and the national government, with different powers and functions exercised by both.

Question 32

Separation of Powers

Answer 32

A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the constitution.

Question 33

Checks and Balances

Answer 33

A constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others.

Question 34

enumerated powers

Answer 34

the powers of the national government specifically granted to congress in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution.

Question 35

Article I

Answer 35

Legislative Branch - Organizations, powers, and restraints

Question 36

necessary and proper clause

Answer 36

A section of the United States Constitution that enables Congress to make the laws required for the exercise of its other powers established by the Constitution.

Question 37

Implied powers

Answer 37

powers of U.S. government which have not been explicitly granted by the Constitution but that is implied by the necessary and proper clause to be delegated for the purpose of carrying out the enumerated powers.

Question 38

Article II

Answer 38

the section that makes the executive branch of the government. The Executive branch of the government is the branch that has the responsibility and authority for the administration throughout the day of the state.

Question 39

Inherent powers

Answer 39

powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the constitution.

Question 40

Article III

Answer 40

Establishes a Supreme Court and defines its jurisdiction.

Question 41

Article IV

Answer 41

includes mechanisms for admitting new states to the union. “full faith and credit clause”.

Question 42

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 42

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.

Question 43

Article V

Answer 43

Specifies how amendments can be added to the constitution.

Question 44

Article VI

Answer 44

Contains the supremacy clause, which asserts the basic primacy of the Constitution and national law over state laws and constitutions. “supremacy clause”

Question 45

Supremacy Clause

Answer 45

Portion of Article VI of the Constitution mandating that national law is supreme over all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government.

Question 46

Federalist

Answer 46

Those who favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first U.S. political party.

Question 47

Anti- Federalist

Answer 47

Those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government; opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 48

James Madison

Answer 48

often called the “Father of the Constitution” for his role in conceptualizing the federal government. Co- authorized the Federalist papers; served as secretary of state; served as the fourth president from 1809-1817.

Question 49

John Jay

Answer 49

A member of the Founding generation who was the first chief Justice of the United States. A diplomat and co-author of the Federalist papers.

Question 50

The Federalist Papers

Answer 50

A series of eighty- five political essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 51

Bill of Rights

Answer 51

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties.