APGOVCh.3.Arkane.Riahi

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis

Question 2

Andrew Johnson

Answer 2

Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson assumed the presidency as he was Vice President of the United States at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to be elected to the presidency and previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois.

Question 4

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Answer 4

Supreme Court decision holding that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities.

Question 5

Bill of attainder

Answer 5

A government decree that a person is guilty of a crime that carries the death penalty, rendered without the benefit of a trial.

Question 6

block grant

Answer 6

a grant from a central government that a local authority can allocate to a wide range of services.

Question 7

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 7

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor.

Question 8

categorical grants

Answer 8

Categorical grants, also called conditional grants, are grants issued by the United States Congress which may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes.

Question 9

Civil War

Answer 9

The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history.

Question 10

Charter

Answer 10

a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony,
city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges.

Question 11

concurrent powers

Answer 11

are powers in nations with a federal system of government that are shared by both the State and the federal government.

Question 12

Confederate States of American

Answer 12

The Confederate States of America, commonly referred to as the Confederacy and the South, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.

Question 13

Confederation

Answer 13

a form of government in which sovereignty is wholly on the hands of the states and local governments, so the national government is dependent in their will

Question 14

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 14

Cooperative federalism, also known as marble-cake federalism, is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems

Question 15

Counties

Answer 15

(in the US) a political and administrative division of a state, providing certain local governmental services.

Question 16

Democracy

Answer 16

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Question 17

dillon’s rule

Answer 17

the stipulation that the terms of a municipal charters be narrowly interpreted. Reversed by home rule charters, to some extent

Question 18

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Answer 18

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, also known as the Dred Scott case or Dred Scott decision, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on U.S. labor law and constitutional law.

Question 19

Dual Federalism

Answer 19

an interpretation of the Constitution which holds that states are as supreme within their sphere of power as is the federal government within its sphere of power

Question 20

Enumerated Powers

Answer 20

The Enumerated powers of the United States Congress are listed in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights.

Question 21

ex post facto laws

Answer 21

An ex post facto law is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.

Question 22

extradition clause

Answer 22

The Extradition Clause or Interstate Rendition Clause of the United States Constitution is Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2, which provides for the extradition of a criminal back to the state where he or she has committed a crime.

Question 23

federal system

Answer 23

a form of government in which sovereignty is wholly on the hands of the states and local governments, so the national government is dependent in their will

Question 24

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)

Answer 24

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

Question 25

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 25

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the “Full Faith and Credit Clause”, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”

Question 26

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Answer 26

Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. 1, was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation

Question 27

Great Society

Answer 27

a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.

Question 28

Herbert Hoover

Answer 28

Herbert Clark Hoover was an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression.

Question 29

Implied Powers

Answer 29

Implied powers, in the United States, are powers authorized by the Constitution that, while not stated, seem implied by powers that are expressly stated.

Question 30

Interstate Compacts

Answer 30

In the United States of America, an interstate compact is an agreement between two or more states. Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution provides that “No State shall, without the Consent of Congress… enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State.”

Question 31

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 31

The Iroquois Confederacy was a confederation of Native American Indians which was originally composed of 5 tribes consisting of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca peoples.

Question 32

John C. Calhoun

Answer 32

John Caldwell Calhoun was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832.

Question 33

John Marshall

Answer 33

John James Marshall was an American politician who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. Marshall remains the longest-serving chief justice in Supreme Court history, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices to ever sit on the Supreme Court.

Question 34

Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)

Answer 34

Lyndon Baines Johnson, often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Formerly the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, he became president after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

Question 35

McCullough v. Maryland (1819)

Answer 35

McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland

Question 36

Monarchy

Answer 36

a form of government with a monarch at the head.

Question 37

Municipalities

Answer 37

a city or town that has corporate status and local government.

Question 38

New Deal

Answer 38

The New Deal was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans. When Roosevelt took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering.

Question 39

New Federalism

Answer 39

New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.

Question 40

Nullification

Answer 40

a doctrine espoused on behalf of the states’ rights position which holds that states are empowered to void federal laws considered in violation of the Constitution

Question 41

Oligarchy

Answer 41

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Question 42

Privileges and immunities clause

Answer 42

The Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. Additionally, a right of interstate travel may plausibly be inferred from the clause.

Question 43

programmatic requests

Answer 43

A programmatic request, sometimes referred to as a Member request, is guidance solicited by the House and Senate appropriations subcommittees from Members of Congress. Programmatic requests function in lieu of earmark requests ever since the outright ban on earmarks in 2011

Question 44

progressive federalism

Answer 44

Federalism- a form of government where a group of states, territories, etc., are governed by one central power. … Progressive Federalism- most recent form of federalism; allows states to have greater control over certain powers usually reserved for the national government.

Question 45

Reconstruction

Answer 45

The period after the Civil War, 1865 - 1877, was called the Reconstruction period. Abraham Lincoln started planning for the reconstruction of the South during the Civil War as Union soldiers occupied huge areas of the South.

Question 46

reserved powers

Answer 46

Reserved powers, residual powers, or residuary powers are the powers which are neither prohibited nor explicitly given by law to any organ of government. Such powers, as well as general power of competence, are given because it is impractical to detail in legislation every act allowed to be carried out by the state.

Question 47

Roger B. Taney

Answer 47

Roger Brooke Taney was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864. Known for Dredd Scott Vs Sandford case

Question 48

Ronald Reagan

Answer 48

Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and trade union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975.

Question 49

Secession

Answer 49

Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals.

Question 50

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 50

The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures.

Question 51

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 51

The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census.

Question 52

Special District

Answer 52

Special districts are independent, special-purpose governmental units that exist separately from local governments such as county, municipal, and township governments, with substantial administrative and fiscal independence. They are formed to perform a single function or a set of related functions.

Question 53

Tenth Amendment

Answer 53

The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791.

Question 54

Totalitarianism

Answer 54

a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.

Question 55

Unitary system

Answer 55

A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government.