APGOVCh14.Arkane.Riahi

Question 1

AFL-CIO

Answer 1

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations joined in 1955 - Largest labor organization in US. Liberal

Concentrating its efforts largely on the national level, the new AFL-CIO immediately channeled its energies into pressuring the government to protect concessions won from employers at the bargaining table and to other issues of concern to its members.

Question 2

Interest group

Answer 2

A collection of people or organizations that tires to influence public policy

Interest groups have various modern names: special interest pressure groups organized interests nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) political groups.

Question 3

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 3

The American Anti-Slavery Society was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. William Wells Brown was also a freed slave who often spoke at meetings.

In 1838, the American Anti-Slavery Society had about 250,000 members

Question 4

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 4

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was a national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in Columbus, Ohio, in December 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor union.

The AFL is one example of the organized labor groups.

Question 5

Christian Coalition

Answer 5

The Christian Coalition of America, a 501 organization, is the successor to the original Christian Coalition created in 1989 by religious broadcaster and former presidential candidate Marion Gordon “Pat” Robertson.

The Christian Coalition was created to fill the void of the Moral Majority.

Question 6

Civic Virtue

Answer 6

the tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good.

Civic virtue creates fertile grounds within communities for improved political and economic development

Question 7

Collective good

Answer 7

Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment

collective goods makes little sense for individuals to join a group if the can gain the benefits secured by others at no cost and become free riders.

Question 8

disturbance theory

Answer 8

the theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system

the disturbance theory creates different viewpoints when there is a change in the political system.

Question 9

economic interest group

Answer 9

A group with the primary purpose of promoting financial interests of its members.

the largest categories of economic interest groups were business groups trade and professional groups.

Question 10

free rider problem

Answer 10

potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort.

the free rider problem is the result of those who dont join or work for the benefit of the group sand still reap the rewards of the group’s activity.

Question 11

Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007

Answer 11

Lobbying reform banning gifts to members of congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector.

The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 was due to the wake of variety of lobbying scandals.

Question 12

Jerry Falwell

Answer 12

A Southern Baptist minister who in 1978 founded the conservative religious interest group the Moral Majority

When the group that Jerry Falwell made, Moral Majority, dissolved in the late 1980s, the Christian Coalition filled the void

Question 13

Lobbying

Answer 13

The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position.

lobbying is at the top of most interest groups’ agendas because it allows groups to effectively pursue their policy agenda.

Question 14

Lobbying Disclosure act

Answer 14

A 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist and established strict reporting requirements on the activities of lobbyists.

The lobbying disclosure act was due to public opinion polls believing that votes of congress was to the highest bidder

Question 15

lobbyist

Answer 15

Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion.

The central Pacific Railroad sent its own lobbyist to Washington D.C., in 1861.

Question 16

Marian Wright Edelman

Answer 16

A lawyer who in 1973 founded the Children’s Defense Fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups.

Marian Wright Edelman fought against child poverty and for better health care.

Question 17

Moral Majority

Answer 17

A conservative religious group credited with helping to mobilize conservative Evangelical Christian voters from its founding in 1978 through the presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981-1989).

Over time the Moral Majority got replaced with the Christian Coalition group.

Question 18

National Association of Manufactures (NAM)

Answer 18

An organization founded in 1895 by manufactures to combat the growth of organized labor.

The NAM was the first to become an active politically in 1938.

Question 19

National Rifle Association (NRA)

Answer 19

The major gun-rights lobbying group in the United States, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the Second Amendment.

The NRA was for gun control unlike the Young America’s Foundation, who is against.

Question 20

Pat Robertson

Answer 20

A Southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the Christian Coalition.

Pat Robertson ideology overcame the previous ideology the Moral Majority.

Question 21

Patron

Answer 21

A person who finances a group or individual activity.

Patrons are crucial start up founds for groups.

Question 22

pluralist theory

Answer 22

The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups.

the pluralist theory argues that political power is distributed among a wide range of diverse and competing interest groups.

Question 23

Progressive movement

Answer 23

A broad group of political and social activists from the 1890s to the 1920s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions.

the progressive moment grew out of the new measures that would be necessary to impose order on the on growing chaos.

Question 24

Political action committee (PAC)

Answer 24

Officially recognized fund-raising organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns.

In 1974, the amendments to the federal election campaign act made it legal for businesses to form PACS.

Question 25

public interest group

Answer 25

An organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members.

public interest groups took the form of the progressive party.

Question 26

social capital

Answer 26

Cooperate relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems

political scientists believe that involvement in community groups and activities with others of like interests enhances the level of social capital.

Question 27

The Grange

Answer 27

Founded in 1867 as an educational organization for farmers, The Grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of faring communities and rural areas.

The Grange also was formed during the period after the Civil War

Question 28

Trade association

Answer 28

A group that represents a specific industry.

Trade associations were effective spokespersons for their member companies.

Question 29

Transactions theory

Answer 29

The theory that public policies are the result of transactions defined exchanges or transactions among political actors

Transactions theory arose out of criticisms of the pluralist approach

Question 30

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Answer 30

major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912.

the U.S. Chamber of Commerce came into being in 1912 with the assistance of the federal government.

Question 31

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Answer 31

public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. Its activities include prayer groups protest marches lobbying and the destruction of saloons.

The WCTU members were quite religious.