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APES > Apes 2nd Nine Weeks EC > Flashcards

Apes 2nd Nine Weeks EC Flashcards

1
Q

Nuclear Fission

A

nuclei of isotopes split apart when struck by neutrons

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2
Q

Nuclear Fusion

A

2 isotopes of light elements (H) forced together at high temperatures till they fuse to form a heavier nucleus. Expensive, break even point not reached yet

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3
Q

Ore

A

a rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine

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4
Q

Humus

A

organic, dark material remaining after decomposition by microorganisms

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5
Q

Leaching

A

removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards

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6
Q

Illuviation

A

deposit of leached material in lower soil layers (B)

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7
Q

Loam

A

perfect agricultural soil with equal portions of sand, silt, clay

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8
Q

Conservation

A

allows the use of resources in a responsible manner

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9
Q

Preservation

A

setting aside areas & protecting them from human activities

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10
Q

Aquifer

A

any water bearing layer in the ground

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11
Q

Cone of depression

A

lowering of the water table around a pumping well

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12
Q

Salt water intrusion

A

near the coast, over-pumping of groundwater causes saltwater to move into the aquifer

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13
Q

ENSO

A

El Nino Southern Oscillation, see-sawing of air pressure over the S. Pacific

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14
Q

During an El Nino year

A

trade winds weaken & warm water sloshed back to SA

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15
Q

During a Non El Nino year

A

Easterly trade winds and ocean currents pool warm water in the western Pacific, allowing upwelling of nutrient rich water off the West coast of South America

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16
Q

Effects of El Nino

A

upwelling decreases disrupting food chains, N US has mild winters, SW US has increased rainfall, less Atlantic Hurricanes

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17
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

because atmospheric N cannot be used directly by plants it must first be converted into ammonia by bacteria

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18
Q

Ammonification

A

decomposers covert organic waste into ammonia

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19
Q

Nitrification

A

ammonia is converted to nitrate ions (NO-3)

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20
Q

Assimilation

A

inorganic N is converted into organic molecules such as DNA/amino acids & proteins

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21
Q

Denitrification

A

bacteria convert ammonia back into N

22
Q

Largest reservoirs of C

A

carbonate rocks first, oceans second

23
Q

Chlorine

A

(good>disinfection of water)( bad>forms trihalomethanes)

24
Q

Cogeneration

A

using waste heat to make electricity

25
Q

Mutualism

A

symbiotic relationship where both partners benefit

26
Q

Commensalism

A

symbiotic relationship where one partner benefits & the other is unaffected

27
Q

Parasitism

A

relationship in which one partner obtains nutrients at the expense of the host

28
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the number of individuals that can be sustained in an area

29
Q

R strategist

A

reproduce early, many small unprotected offspring

30
Q

K strategist

A

reproduce late, few, cared for offspring

31
Q

Positive feedback

A

when a change in some condition triggers a response that intensifies the changing condition (EX: warmner Earth - snow melts - less sunlight is reflected & more is absorbed, therefore warmer earth)

32
Q

Natural selection

A

organisms that possess favorable adaptations pass them onto the next generation

33
Q

Doubling time

A

rule of 70; 70 divided by the percent growth rate

34
Q

Salinazation of soil

A

in arid regions, water evaporates leaving salts behind

35
Q

BOD

A

biological oxygen demand, amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic
decomposers to break down organic materials

36
Q

Minamata Disease

A

mental impairments caused by mercury

37
Q

Photochemical smog

A

formed by chemical reactions involving sunlight (NO, VOC, O)

38
Q

Acid deposition

A

caused by sulfuric and nitric acids resulting in lowered pH of surface waters

39
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

Examples: H2O, CO2, O3, methane (CH4), CFC’s EFFECT: they trap outgoing infrared (heat) energy causing earth to warm

40
Q

Ozone depletion caused by

A

CFC’s, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, halon, methyl bromide all of which attack stratospheric ozone

41
Q

Love Canal, NY

A

chemicals buried in old canal and school & homes built over it causing birth defects & cancer

42
Q

Municipal solid waste is mostly

A

paper and most is landfilled

43
Q

Sanitary landfill problems and solutions

A

(leachate, liner with collection system) (methane gas, collect gas and burn) (volume of garbage, compact & reduce)

44
Q

Keystone species

A

species whose role in an ecosystem are more important than others, ex sea otter

45
Q

Indicator species

A

species that serve as early warnings that an ecosystem is being damaged (ex trout)

46
Q

Petroleum forms from

A

microscopic aquatic organisms in sediments converted by heat & pressure into a mixture of hydrocarbons

47
Q

Steps in coal formation

A

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

48
Q

Two most serious nuclear accidents

A

(Chernobyl,Ukraine) (Three Mile Island, PA)

49
Q

Endangered species

A

North spotted Owl (loss of old growth forest), Bald Eagle (thinning of eggs caused by DDT), Piping Plover (nesting areas threatened by development)

50
Q

Volcanoes and Earthquakes occur

A

at plate boundaries (divergent, spreading, midocean ridges) (convergent, trenches) (transform, sliding, San Andreas)

APES (15 decks)

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