AP02 - Oral cavity, salivary glands, oesophagus and stomach Flashcards
What are the different types of salivary glands?
- Parotid salivary gland
- Submandibular salivary gland
- Sublingual salivary gland
Describe the saliva produced by the parotid salivary gland
Watery and serous saliva
Describe the saliva produced by the submandibular salivary gland
Mixed serous and mucous saliva
Describe the saliva produced by the sublingual gland
Saliva is thicker than that prod in submandibular gland
Innervation of parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Innervation of submandibular gland?
Facial nerve (via chorda tympani branch)
Innervation of sublingual gland?
Facial nerve (via chorda tympani)
What do the intrinsic muscles in the tongue do (general)?
Alters the shape of the tongue
What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do (general)?
Moves the tongue
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Superior longitudinal
- Inferior longitudinal
- Transverse
- Vertical
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
What is the neurovasculature of the superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue?
Arterial supply = Lingual artery (tonsillar artery ~ collateral circ)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Lymphatic drainage =
Innervation = Hypoglossal
What is the neurovasculature of the inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue?
Arterial supply = Lingual artery (tonsillar artery ~ collateral circ)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Lymphatic drainage =
Innervation = Hypoglossal
What is the neurovasculature of the transverse muscle of the tongue
Arterial supply = Lingual artery (tonsillar artery ~ collateral circ)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Lymphatic drainage =
Innervation = Hypoglossal
What is the neurovasculature of the vertical muscle of the tongue?
Arterial supply = Lingual artery (tonsillar artery ~ collateral circ)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Lymphatic drainage =
Innervation = Hypoglossal
Function of superior longitudinal muscle of tongue?
- Shortens tongue
- Curls apex and sides of tongue
Function of inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue?
- Shortens tongue
- Uncurls apex and turns it downwards
Function of the transverse muscle of the tongue?
- Narrows and elongates tongue
Function of vertical muscle of tongue?
- Flattens and widens tongue
Neurovasculature of genioglossus muscle?
Arterial supply = Lingual artery (branch of external carotid artery)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Innervation = Hypoglossal
Neurovasculature of hyoglossus muscle?
Arterial supply = Lingual artery (branch of external carotid artery)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Innervation = Hypoglossal
Neurovasculature of styloglossus muscle?
Arterial supply = Lingual artery (branch of external carotid artery)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Innervation = Hypoglossal
Neurovasculature of palatoglossus muscle?
Arterial supply = Lingual artery (branch of external carotid artery)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Innervation = Vagus
Lymphatic drainage of anterior 2/3 of tongue?
Drains into submental and submandibular nodes –> deep cervical lymph nodes
Lymphatic drainage od posterior 1/3 of tongue?
Directly into deep cervical lymph nodes
What are the differnet types of papillae on the surface of the tongue?
- Filiform
- Fungiform
- Vallate (circumvallate)
- Foliate
Which papillae is the only papillae that does not have taste buds on it?
Filiform papillae
Shape of filiform papillae?
Small cone-shaped projections of the mucosa that end in one or more points
Shape of fungiform papillae?
- Rounder in shape than filiform papillae
- Larger than filiform papillae
Shape of vallate papillae?
- Blunt-ended cylindrical papillae invaginations
Shape of foliate papillae?
Short vertical folds of mucosa (4 or 5 vertical folds)
Location of foliate papillae?
Sides of tongue near the terminal sulcus of the tongue
Location of vallate papillae?
Approx. 8-12 vallate papillae in a single V-shaped line immediately anterior to the terminal sulcus of the tongue
Location of fungiform papillae?
Concentrated along the margins of the tongue
Location of filiform papillae?
Central of tongue?
Neurovasculature of stomach?
Arterial supply = Coeliac trunk and branches
= Left and right gastric arteries form the anastomoses of the lesser curvature
= Left and right gastro-omental arteries form anastomoses along the greater curvature
Venous drainage = Run parallel to the arteries
= Right and left gastric veins drain into HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
= Right and left gastro-omental veins drain into SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN
Lymphatic drainage = Gastric and gastro-omental lymph nodes (gastric lymphatic vessels travel with the arteries along the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach) –> Efferent L.nodes connect to the coeliac lymph nodes
Innervation = Para nerve arise from anterior and posterior vagal trunks, derived from vagus nerve
= Sympa nerve arise from T6-T9 spinal cord segment, passes to coeliac plexus via greater splanchnic nerve
What are the 3 main causes of reflux disease?
- Dysfunction of the LOS
- Delayed gastric emptying
- Hiatal hernia
What is a hiatus hernia?
Occurs when part of the stomach protrudes into the chest through the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm
What are the two types of hiatal hernias?
- Sliding hiatus hernia - LOS slides superiorly, therefore diaphragm no longer reinforcing the sphincter
- Rolling hiatus hernia - LOS remains in place but a part of the stomach herniates into the chest
What are the different cavities of the oesophagus?
- Oral cavity
- Thoracic cavity
- Abdominal cavity
Innervation of oesophagus?
Oesophageal plexus
Lymphatic drainage of oesophagus?
- Superior third - deep cervical lymph nodes
- Middle third - Superior and posterior mediastinal nodes
- Lower third - Left gastric and coeliac nodes
AS and VD of thoracic cavity of oesophagus?
AS = branches of thoracic aorta and inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk)
VD = Azygous veins and inferior thyroid vein
= Also to hemiazygous, posterior intercostal and bronchial veins (less significance)
AS and VD of abdominal cavity of oesophagus?
AS = Left gastric artery (branch of coeliac trunk) and left inferior phrenic artery
VD = To PORTAL CIRC via left gastric vein
= To SYSTEMIC CIRC via azygous vein
What are the different parts of the stomach called?
- Cardia
- Fundus
- Corpus (body)
- Antrum
- Pylorus
