AP02 - Oral cavity, salivary glands, oesophagus and stomach

Question 1

What are the different types of salivary glands?

Answer 1

1. Parotid salivary gland
2. Submandibular salivary gland
3. Sublingual salivary gland

Question 2

Describe the saliva produced by the parotid salivary gland

Answer 2

Watery and serous saliva

Question 3

Describe the saliva produced by the submandibular salivary gland

Answer 3

Mixed serous and mucous saliva

Question 4

Describe the saliva produced by the sublingual gland

Answer 4

Saliva is thicker than that prod in submandibular gland

Question 5

Innervation of parotid gland?

Answer 5

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 6

Innervation of submandibular gland?

Answer 6

Facial nerve (via chorda tympani branch)

Question 7

Innervation of sublingual gland?

Answer 7

Facial nerve (via chorda tympani)

Question 8

What do the intrinsic muscles in the tongue do (general)?

Answer 8

Alters the shape of the tongue

Question 9

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do (general)?

Answer 9

Moves the tongue

Question 10

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 10

1. Superior longitudinal
2. Inferior longitudinal
3. Transverse
4. Vertical

Question 11

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 11

1. Genioglossus
2. Hyoglossus
3. Styloglossus
4. Palatoglossus

Question 12

What is the neurovasculature of the superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue?

Answer 12

Arterial supply = Lingual artery (tonsillar artery ~ collateral circ)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Lymphatic drainage =
Innervation = Hypoglossal

Question 13

What is the neurovasculature of the inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue?

Answer 13

Arterial supply = Lingual artery (tonsillar artery ~ collateral circ)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Lymphatic drainage =
Innervation = Hypoglossal

Question 14

What is the neurovasculature of the transverse muscle of the tongue

Answer 14

Arterial supply = Lingual artery (tonsillar artery ~ collateral circ)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Lymphatic drainage =
Innervation = Hypoglossal

Question 15

What is the neurovasculature of the vertical muscle of the tongue?

Answer 15

Arterial supply = Lingual artery (tonsillar artery ~ collateral circ)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Lymphatic drainage =
Innervation = Hypoglossal

Question 16

Function of superior longitudinal muscle of tongue?

Answer 16

• Shortens tongue

- Curls apex and sides of tongue

Question 17

Function of inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue?

Answer 17

• Shortens tongue

- Uncurls apex and turns it downwards

Question 18

Function of the transverse muscle of the tongue?

Answer 18

• Narrows and elongates tongue

Question 19

Function of vertical muscle of tongue?

Answer 19

• Flattens and widens tongue

Question 20

Neurovasculature of genioglossus muscle?

Answer 20

Arterial supply = Lingual artery (branch of external carotid artery)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Innervation = Hypoglossal

Question 21

Neurovasculature of hyoglossus muscle?

Answer 21

Arterial supply = Lingual artery (branch of external carotid artery)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Innervation = Hypoglossal

Question 22

Neurovasculature of styloglossus muscle?

Answer 22

Arterial supply = Lingual artery (branch of external carotid artery)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Innervation = Hypoglossal

Question 23

Neurovasculature of palatoglossus muscle?

Answer 23

Arterial supply = Lingual artery (branch of external carotid artery)
Venous drainage = Lingual vein
Innervation = Vagus

Question 24

Lymphatic drainage of anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Answer 24

Drains into submental and submandibular nodes –> deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 25

Lymphatic drainage od posterior 1/3 of tongue?

Answer 25

Directly into deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 26

What are the differnet types of papillae on the surface of the tongue?

Answer 26

1. Filiform 2. Fungiform 3. Vallate (circumvallate) 4. Foliate

Question 27

Which papillae is the only papillae that does not have taste buds on it?

Answer 27

Filiform papillae

Question 28

Shape of filiform papillae?

Answer 28

Small cone-shaped projections of the mucosa that end in one or more points

Question 29

Shape of fungiform papillae?

Answer 29

- Rounder in shape than filiform papillae | - Larger than filiform papillae

Question 30

Shape of vallate papillae?

Answer 30

- Blunt-ended cylindrical papillae invaginations

Question 31

Shape of foliate papillae?

Answer 31

Short vertical folds of mucosa (4 or 5 vertical folds)

Question 32

Location of foliate papillae?

Answer 32

Sides of tongue near the terminal sulcus of the tongue

Question 33

Location of vallate papillae?

Answer 33

Approx. 8-12 vallate papillae in a single V-shaped line immediately anterior to the terminal sulcus of the tongue

Question 34

Location of fungiform papillae?

Answer 34

Concentrated along the margins of the tongue

Question 35

Location of filiform papillae?

Answer 35

Central of tongue?

Question 36

Neurovasculature of stomach?

Answer 36

Arterial supply = Coeliac trunk and branches = Left and right gastric arteries form the anastomoses of the lesser curvature = Left and right gastro-omental arteries form anastomoses along the greater curvature Venous drainage = Run parallel to the arteries = Right and left gastric veins drain into HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN = Right and left gastro-omental veins drain into SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN Lymphatic drainage = Gastric and gastro-omental lymph nodes (gastric lymphatic vessels travel with the arteries along the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach) --> Efferent L.nodes connect to the coeliac lymph nodes Innervation = Para nerve arise from anterior and posterior vagal trunks, derived from vagus nerve = Sympa nerve arise from T6-T9 spinal cord segment, passes to coeliac plexus via greater splanchnic nerve

Question 37

What are the 3 main causes of reflux disease?

Answer 37

1. Dysfunction of the LOS 2. Delayed gastric emptying 3. Hiatal hernia

Question 38

What is a hiatus hernia?

Answer 38

Occurs when part of the stomach protrudes into the chest through the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

Question 39

What are the two types of hiatal hernias?

Answer 39

1. Sliding hiatus hernia - LOS slides superiorly, therefore diaphragm no longer reinforcing the sphincter 2. Rolling hiatus hernia - LOS remains in place but a part of the stomach herniates into the chest

Question 40

What are the different cavities of the oesophagus?

Answer 40

1. Oral cavity 2. Thoracic cavity 3. Abdominal cavity

Question 41

Innervation of oesophagus?

Answer 41

Oesophageal plexus

Question 42

Lymphatic drainage of oesophagus?

Answer 42

1. Superior third - deep cervical lymph nodes 2. Middle third - Superior and posterior mediastinal nodes 3. Lower third - Left gastric and coeliac nodes

Question 43

AS and VD of thoracic cavity of oesophagus?

Answer 43

AS = branches of thoracic aorta and inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk) VD = Azygous veins and inferior thyroid vein = Also to hemiazygous, posterior intercostal and bronchial veins (less significance)

Question 44

AS and VD of abdominal cavity of oesophagus?

Answer 44

AS = Left gastric artery (branch of coeliac trunk) and left inferior phrenic artery VD = To PORTAL CIRC via left gastric vein = To SYSTEMIC CIRC via azygous vein

Question 45

What are the different parts of the stomach called?

Answer 45

- Cardia - Fundus - Corpus (body) - Antrum - Pylorus