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3 CVS > AP02 Histology of the Heart and Blood Vessels > Flashcards

AP02 Histology of the Heart and Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What T-tubule system is observed in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

A

diad - cardiac

triad - skeletal

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2
Q

What are cardiac myocytes joined by?

A

intercalated discs (gap junctions, adherens junctions, demsosomes)

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3
Q

What do intercalated discs allow?

A

communication

rapid transfer of small ions during the cardiac cycle

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4
Q

Does cardiac muscle have NMJ?

A

No, as it does not receive somatic innervation

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5
Q

What effect does Sympathetic stimulation have on the heart?

A 
increased HR (chronotropy)
increased contractility (inotropy)
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6
Q

What are the features of the tunica intima across all arteries?

A

Endothelium
Basement membrane
(venules and medium sized veins have pocket valves)

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7
Q

What are the features of the tunica media in elastic arteries?

A

lots of elastic tissue distributed through the smooth muscle

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8
Q

What are the features of the tunica Adventitia of Elastic Arteries?

A

Fibrous CT
Nervi Vasorum
Vasa Vasorum
Collagen fibres

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9
Q

What are the features of the tunica media of muscular arteries?

A

internal elastic membrane

smooth muscle

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10
Q

What are the features of the tunica adventitia of muscular arteries?

A

external elastic membrane

Fibrous CT

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11
Q

What are the features of the tunica media of arterioles?

A

smooth muscle

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12
Q

What are the features of the tunica adventitia of arterioles?

A

fibrous CT

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13
Q

What are capillaries comprised of?

A

endothelium, basement membrane, and pericytes

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14
Q

What are the features of tunica media in venules?

A

smooth muscle

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15
Q

What are the features of tunica adventitia in venules?

A

Fibrous CT

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16
Q

What are the features of the tunica media in medium sized veins?

A

smooth muscle

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17
Q

what are the features of the tunica adventitita of medium - sized veins?

A

fibrous CT

18
Q

What are the features of tunica media of large veins?

A

smooth muscle

19
Q

What are the features of tunica adventitia of large veins?

A

fibrous CT
Nervi Vasorum
Vasa Vasorum
Collagen

20
Q

What are Pericytes?

A

incomplete layers of cells surrounding endothelium in capillaries

21
Q

What controls blood flow into capillaries?

A

precapillary sphincters

22
Q

How big is the lumen of elastic arteries?

A

10nm

23
Q

What is the function of elastic arteries?

A

conduct blood away from the heart and withstand increase in cardiac pressure associated with systole

24
Q

What is the diffference in smooth muscle distribution between elastic arteries and muscular arteries?

A

muscular arteries have more.

because they’re muscular.

25
Q

What is the size of the lumen of muscular arteries?

A

1-10nm

26
Q

What is the function of muscular arteries?

A

alter blood flow to different regions of the body by constricting or dilating

27
Q

How much smooth muscle do arterioles contain?

A

a lot, relative to their size

28
Q

What is the difference between atriovenous anastomoses and capillaries?

A

they are much larger in diameter and have more smooth muscle

29
Q

What are the outer and inner layers of the ventricular wall?

A

outer - pericardium

Inner - endocardium

30
Q

Define Thrombus

A

a blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system impeding blood flow

31
Q

define embolus

A

a blood clot, bit of air, or fatty deposit carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel and cause an embolism

32
Q

What is an embolism?

A

an obstruction of an artery

33
Q

What is atherosclerotic plaque?

A

specifically fatty plaque

34
Q

What are the features of fenestrated arteries?

A

festrations (pores) through cell wall, which are 80-100nm in diameter

35
Q

What do continuous arteries form?

A

BBB

36
Q

What type of epithelial cells comprise the endothelium?

A

simple squamous

37
Q

What is the function of the tunica adventitia?

A

protects the vessels
strengthen its wall
anchors the vessel to surrounding struct

38
Q

How do blood vessels receive nutrients?

A

inner half - diffusion from blood

outer half - vasa vasorum

39
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A 
Fibrous Pericardium
Serous Pericardium (parietal and visceral)
40
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall?

A 
fibrous pericardium
parietal serous pericardium
pericardial cavity
epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium)
myocardium
endocardium
heart chamber
41
Q

What is the difference between sinusoid and fenestrated capillaries?

A

sinusoid has larger fenestrations, and a disocontinouous BM

3 CVS (24 decks)

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