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3 CVS > 15 Central Neural Control of the Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

15 Central Neural Control of the Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What local influences affect the heart?

A 
intrinsic beating (SAN)
Starling's Law
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2
Q

What local influences affect the arterioles?

A

endothelial
myogenic
metabolic

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3
Q

What local influecnes affect the capillaries?

A

diffusion

filtration

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4
Q

What is the NA?

A

Nucleus Ambiguus

cell bodies of Vagal supply to the heart

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5
Q

What is the RVLM?

A

rostral ventral lateral medulla

main site of neurones supplying the descending, sympathetic pathway

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6
Q

How would a spinal transection affect blood pressure?

A

no sympathetic control of blood vessels

low ABP

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7
Q

What are the sympathetic reflex influences on hormones?

A

Catecholamines
Vasopressin (ADH)
Renin-Angiotensin

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8
Q

What are the 2 main regions for baroreceptors?

A

Carotid sinus

Aortic Arch

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9
Q

What are the carotid sinus baroreceptors supplied by?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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10
Q

What are the aortic baroreceptors supplied by?

A

vagus nerve

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11
Q

What type of receptors are baroreceptors?

A

stretch receptors

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12
Q

Where do baroreceptor afferents lead to?

A

Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS)

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13
Q

What is the significance of the threshold to baroreceptor activity?

A

about 60mmHg

there is baroreceptor activity at resting ABP

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14
Q

When would the baroreceptor response be highest?

A

at the peak of systole

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15
Q

What are the ultimate aims of the baroreceptor reflex?

A

to keep ABP lower than it normally would be

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16
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to increase CO?

A

increases HR
increases Contractility
Increases vasoconstriction

17
Q

What does the SNS do to increase TPR?

A

arterial vasoconstriction

18
Q

How does arterial vasoconstriction increase CO?

A

decreases capillary hydrostatic pressure

increases EDV
increases SV

19
Q

How does venoconstriction increase CO?

A

increases EDV

increases SV

20
Q

How does the PNS increase CO?

A

it reduces its’ action, facilitating the increase of HR by the SNS

21
Q

What do the glossopharyngeal and the vagus nerve do to the NTS in the baroreceptor reflex?

A

stimulate it

22
Q

What effect does the NTS have on the NA?

A

the NTS stimulates the NA

this increases vagal stimulation to the heart

23
Q

What effect does the NTS have on the RVLM?

A

it inhibits it (as this facilitates sympathetic drive of the heart)

24
Q

What effect does the NTS have on the CVLM?

A

it stimulates it

the CVLM provides inhibitory input to the RVLM

25
Q

What is the role of the preoptic hypothalamic nucleus in the baroreceptor reflex?

A

it is quite a long, inhibitory pathway to the RVLM from the NTS

may have a role in telling integrating areas of hypothalamus about the change in ABP

26
Q

What is the role of the PVN and SON?

A

these are inhibited in the reflex, reducing the release of ADH

27
Q

Where is most of the constriction as a response to a fall in ABP?

how does this increase ABP?

A

GI (25%)
Skeletal muscle (20%)
also in the skin providing we are not thermoregulating

increases TPR

28
Q

What proportion of our TPR is supplied by the kidneys?

A

20%

29
Q

What is the brain’s autoregulatory range?

A

60-160

30
Q

What is the effect of cutting the sinus an aortic nerves on ABP on a dog?

Why is this interesting?

A

ABP becomes far more variable, but still sticks around the mean

this would suggest there is something keeping it in check somewhat…
this is the volume receptor reflex

31
Q

Where are the stretch receptors of the volume receptor reflex?

what supplies them?

A

right atrium

supplied by Vagus nerve

32
Q

What happens to the CNS if there is an increase in blood volume in the volume receptor reflex?

A

decreased activity to the NTS and PVN

33
Q

What happens to the kidney if there is an decrease in blood volume in the volume receptor reflex?

A

increased sympathetic activity:
increases renal vasoconstriction, reducing GFR
increases renin release
increase ADH action

34
Q

When is the volume receptor reflex used?

A

decreased distension (when standing, haemmorrhage, dehydration)

increased distension (when supine, large fluid intake)

35
Q

What is the difference in response time between the baroreceptor and the volume receptor reflex?

A

baroreceptor reflex is much faster than volume receptor reflex

36
Q

When might the set point of the baroreceptor reflex change?

A

acutely - exercise or mental stress

chronically - hypertension, renal failure

3 CVS (24 decks)

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