AP world history : The Hellenistic World Flashcards
Crete
Palace society/civilization
Knossos : political center
Center of exchange
Religious significance
What caused the decline of the Minoan civilization
Volcanic eruptions on the island of Thera
Mycenaeans
Indoeuropeans : s.russia, Europe, India, Persia
Skills: war and piracy
Minoans
Influence: Linear A —> Linear B
Technology: pottery
Trade
Where and when do Dorian’s take over
After Troy is destroyed. Troy
Age of kings
Polis: small city states. Sovereign urban center. Governed itself and surrounding region
Small area, population
Agora
Marketplace
Economic and political
Acropolis
Social, political, and religious city state
Tyrants
Popular government Assemblies People invited into countries to settle disputes between rich and poor Nobles (land) Merchants (\$\$$) Small farmers
Athens
Metics: non citizens Govt: assembly: all citizens represented, citizens divided into 4 classes. 3 classes : right to vote 2 classes : chosen archons Court system : no written laws All judges : nobles
Sparta
Came from Dorian’s
Peloponnesus
Characterized by: militaristic, xenophobic, totalitarian
20:1 helots –> Spartans
Monarchs
2 kings
Ephors: elected from assembly, all male over30, ruled in relationship with council of elders (60 ys), maintain discipline
Solon
Athens
Council of 400
100 fork. Each class
Officials chosen from the top 3 classes
Persian wars
Ionian Greeks Athens: in sighting the Greeks to rebel and financially support Marathon - G Thermopylae - P Salamis- G Plataea - G
Results of the Persian wars
Greek cooperation Persian defeat but Persian threat still remained Greek culture preserved The Delian league Athens burned down
The Delian league
Anti Persian alliance or attempt by the Athenian empire to seize power
Pericles
200 cit states providing money and resources to rebel Persia
Pericles
Salary to govt officials and jurors
Rise to democracy by giving the poor a chance in the govt
Corinth: chief rival to trade with Athens
Alliances with city states to stop trade with Corinth
Corinth and Sparta become alliances
Peloponnesian war : Athens surrenders
Rise to Philip of Macedonia : invades Greece
Alexander
Anatolia, Persia, Mesopotamia, Central Asia, Egypt, Indus Valley
Ability to conquest comes from: military , genius , personal courage
Impacts of Alexander the Great
Construction of 100 cities across empires : spread Greek culture New culture : Hellenistic Intermarriage between Greeks and natives Migrate Use of Greek
Post Alexander
Hellenistic world Cosmopolitan Interaction Integration Greek
RESULTS
Greek language Urbanization of eastern Mediterranean Mixed economy Agriculture, manufacturing Trade Cultural unity without political unity Lots of interaction and exchange
Alexandria
Museum : temple for muses
Library
Lighthouse
Socrates
The unreasoned life is not worth living
Socratic method
Sentenced to death for questioning the existence of gods
Plato
Dialogues : Socrates and Plato's teachings Academy Concept of ideas and for s Universals Virtue : idea of the good Ideal state : similar to Sparta, basis is justice, workers, soldiers, philosophers, philosopher kings Abolition of family and private property The republic: the ideal state Aristotes disciple
Aristotle
Lyceum : center of learning, dedicated to science
Ideal state: monarchy, aristocracy, democracy, philosopher king, educated elite, popular assembly
Reason: scholasticism: faith through reason
Cynics (skeptics)
Encouraged the people to live simple life
All material possessions were unnecessary and nature would provide what one needed
Similar to Hinduism
Ascetics? Simple life for virtue
Did not want to conform to the conventions of the day
Epicureans
Believed that the greek gods existed but did not interact with human affairs
The greatest philosophyisthepursuit of pleasure (absence of pain)
Similar to Theravada Buddhism
Stoics
Believed that the highest goal of humans was to peruse virtue which could o ly be achieved by living in harmony with nature
Passion : suffering and pai
Gender equality
Similar to Confucianism
Rome origins mythical
Room,us and Remus
Anaeid and Virgil
Etruscans
Govt city buildings art law
Greece impact on Rome
Language religion
Minoan society
Crete
Built lavish palaces throughout island
Enormous complex at Knossos decorated with vivid frescoes depicting Minoans at work and play
Palaces were nerve centers of society: residences were rulers, storehouses where officials collected taxes
Linear A: symbols stood for syllables
Mycenean
Migratory indoeuropeans adopted Minoan Linear A into language to create Linear B
Massive stone fortresses and palaces throughout S.greek peninsula (Peloponnesus)
E.mediterranean chaos
Trojan war
Polis
Taxed
Lacked centralized govt
Commercial centers
Eventually became city states
Spartan society
Citizens equal i status
Simple, frugal, austere
Distinctions came from prowess, discipline, and military talent
Athenian society
Aristocrats increased holdings of land and owners of small plots could not complete leaving them heavily in debt. Solon devised solution to class conflict
Solon allowed…..
Aristocrats to keep their lands rather than confiscate them, but he cancelled debts nd forbade debt slavery, and liberated those already enslaved to debt
Greeks did not build
Centralized imperial state
Thucydides
Wrote a detailed history of the peloponnesian war
Antigonoid empire
Smallest of Hellenistic empires
Ptolemaic empire
Wealthiest
Alexandria is
Ptolemaic capital
Enormous harbor
Megalopolis
Seleucid empire
Geek influence reached its highest
Greek and Aramaic
Sappho
Compost 9 volumes of poetry
Greek science and mathematics
Observable evidence
Etruscans
Migrated from Italy to Anatolia
Roman republic
2 consuls who wielded civil and military power
Plebeians threatened to rebel
Patricians allow pleabians to elect tribunes
First set of laws : 12 tables.. Similar to Greek law
Punic wars
Romeos Carthage
Gracci brothers
Class tensions lead to a civil war
Worked to limit the amount of land a person could hold
Marius
Hunted down political leaders
Sulla
Seized Rome and initiates a grisly slaughter of enemies
Posted list of enemies and encouraged kill
Caesar
Nephew of Marius
Battles between gladiator
Conquest to Gaul and defeat
Centralized military
Confiscate property a d distributed land to veterans
Extended roman citizenship to people in imperial states
Appointed Gauls to senate
Augustus Caesar
Octavian who defeated principal enemy : mark Antony allied with cleopatra
Augustus’ government
Imperial
Monarchy disguised as a republic
Centralized political and military power
New standing army with commanders who owed allegiance directly to the empire
PAx romana
Brought to Rome by Augustus when he ended the civil war
Facilitated trade and communication throughout empire
Aqueducts
Brought fresh water into Rome from neighboring fountains
Tutelary deities
Gods who looked after the welfare of an individuals household
Most prominent Hellenistic school of thought
Stoicism
Cicero
Persuasive Latin orator
Stoic morals and ethical teachings
Live in accordance with nature and reason
The Essenes
Strict moral code
Baptism
Community
Largest commercial center on E.african coast
RHAPTA
Mani and manichaeism
Zarathustra is a prophet from Persia
Buddha is a prophet from India
Jesus is a prophet from Mediterranean world
Dualist
Ascetic life
