AP World History Chapter 35 The Explosion of the 1980s and 1990s Flashcards
From when onward who entered a period of what, soon matched by what where that effectively dismantled what?
From 1985 onward the Soviet Union entered a period of intensive reform, soon matched by new political movements in eastern Europe that effectively dismantled the Soviet empire.
Deteriorating what, intensified by the costs of what, was the what for this what?
Deteriorating Soviet economic performance, intensified by the costs of military rivalry with the United States, was the initial trigger for this extraordinary and unanticipated upheaval.
What had produced what throughout where?
Forced industrialization had produced extensive environmental deterioration throughout eastern Europe.
According to what, half of what was endangered by when?
According to Soviet estimates, half of all agricultural land was endangered by the late 1980s
More than what of what lived in regions of what?
More than 20 percent of Soviet citizens lived in regions of ecological disaster.
What and other diseases increased, impairing both morale and economic performance?
Rates and severity or respiratory and other diseases increased, impairing both morale and economic performance.
What also rose where, sometimes nearing the highest levels in the world?
Infant mortality rates also rose in several regions, sometimes nearing the highest levels in the world.
More directly, what began to stagnate and even dropped as a result of what, what, and what?
More directly, industrial production began to stagnate and even dropped as a result of rigid central planning, health problems, and poor worker morale.
Growing inadequacy of what and what resulted, further lowering what?
Growing inadequacy of housing and consumer goods resulted, further lowering motivation.
As what stopped, the what allocated to what did what, toward a what of what?
As economic growth stopped, the percentage of resources allocated to military production escalated, toward a third of all national income.
This did what to what available for other what or for what?
This reduced funds available for other investments or for consumer needs.
