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SENIOR YEAR > AP Psychology Chapter 4 > Flashcards

AP Psychology Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

A person’s awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior

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2
Q

Waking consciousness

A

state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert.

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3
Q

Altered state of consciousness

A

state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

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4
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

A cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24 hour period

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5
Q

Microsleeps

A

Brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds

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6
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

Any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability

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7
Q

Adaptive Theory

A

Theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active.

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8
Q

Restorative Theory

A

Theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage.

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9
Q

Rapid eye movement (REM)

A

Stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream

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10
Q

non-REM (NREM) sleep

A

Any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM

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11
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep

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12
Q

Theta waves

A

Brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep

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13
Q

REM paralysis

A

The inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep

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14
Q

REM rebound

A

increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights

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15
Q

Nightmares

A

Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

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16
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

A rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares.

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17
Q

Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)

A

Occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or walking around in one’s sleep

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18
Q

Night Terrors

A

Relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully

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19
Q

Insomnia

A

The inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

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20
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more

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21
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning.

22
Q

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

A

Explanation that states that dreams are created by the higher centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brain stem of cortical cells during REM sleep periods.

23
Q

Activation-information-mode model (AIM)

A

Revised version of the activation-synth explanation of dreams in which info that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams.

24
Q

Hypnosis

A

State of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion

25
Q

Social-cognitive theory of hypnosis

A

Theory that assumes that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are merely playing the role expected of them in the situation

26
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

Drugs that alter thinking, perception, and memory

27
Q

Physical dependence

A

Condition occurring when a person’s body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug.

28
Q

Withdrawal

A

Phys symptoms that include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure. resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems.

29
Q

Psychological dependence

A

The feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well being.

30
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system

31
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system

32
Q

Narcotics

A

A class of opium-related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system’s natural receptor sites for endorphins.

33
Q

Hallucinogenics

A

Drugs that including hallucinogens and marijuana that produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication

34
Q

Amphetamines

A

Stimulants that are synthesized (made) in laboratories rather than being found in nature

35
Q

Cocaine

A

A natural drug derived from the leaves of the coca plant

36
Q

Nicotine

A

The active ingredient in tobacco.

37
Q

Caffeine

A

A mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, and several other plant-based substances

38
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depressant drugs that have a sedative effect.

39
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress

40
Q

Alcohol

A

The chem resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter.

41
Q

Opium

A

Substance derived from the opium poppy from which all narcotic drugs are derived.

42
Q

Morphine

A

Narcotic Drug derived from opium, used to treat severe pain

43
Q

Heroin

A

Narcotic drug derived from opium

44
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality.

45
Q

LSD (lysergic acid diathylamide)

A

Powerful synthetic hallucinogen

46
Q

PCP

A

Synthesized drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects.

47
Q

MDMA (ecstacy or x)

A

designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects

48
Q

Stimulatory hallucinogenics

A

Drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects

49
Q

Mescaline

A

Natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms

50
Q

Marijuana

A

Mild hallucinogen (also known as pot or weed_ derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant

SENIOR YEAR (9 decks)

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