Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SENIOR YEAR > AP Bio Chapter 3,4,5 > Flashcards

AP Bio Chapter 3,4,5 Flashcards

1
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose + Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose + Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose + Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State two uses of carbohydrates in living things

A

Short term Energy and Structural roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are disaccharides created?

A

two monosaccharides joined together by dehydration rxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are the polysaccharides starch and glycogen stored and what is their purpose?

A

Starch in plants– Acts as Glucose Reservoirs.

Glycogen in animals and for short term energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do the polymer shapes of starch and glycogen compare to the shape of cellulose? How does this difference in shape relate to their functions?

A

Starch & Glycogen (Short term energy storage) are folded structures and cellulose is a long chain (Regulates Secretion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most abundant Carbohydrate on Earth

A

Cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why are lipids insoluble in water?

A

Because of their (hydro) Carbon Chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fats and oils are sometimes called ____ bc they have 3 ____ _____ attached to a _____ molecule.

A

Triglycerides, Fatty Acids, Glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a fatty acid molecule consist of

A

Long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at the end (COOH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe differences bt saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

A

Saturated has no Double Covalent bonds bt C while unsaturated does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the distinct feature about the skeleton of a steroid molecule

A

4 fused C rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does one amino acid differ from another and why is it sig?

A

Diff R groups/ some are polar and some aren’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of bond joins two aa’s?

A

Covalent Bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to proteins that have an abnormal sequence of aa’s?

A

Can’t fxn properly because they have the wrong shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List two ways in which a protein can be denatured

A

High temp and Chang in pH levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the consequence for a cell that has missing or malfunctioning chaperone proteins?

A

Cystic Fibrosis, Alzheimer’s, and etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the nucleotide ATP

A

Energy for synthetic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List the three parts of a nucleotide

A

Pentose (Deoxyribose?) sugar, Phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the scientists whose work formed the basis of the cell theory

A

Schlieden, Swann, Verchow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory

A
  1. All organisms are made of cells.
  2. A cell is the basic structure and fxn in an organism.
  3. A cell is created from a pre-existing cell by means of reproduction.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why does a cell need a large surface area?

A

To take in nutrients and rid itself of waste.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe two cell modifications that increase the surface-area-to-volume ratio.

A

Cell division and surface folding.

25
Q

Describe four common shapes of bacteria, including the names of the shapes.

A

Bascillus- Rod
Coccus- spherical
Sprillium - Firm, Squiggly
Sprirochete- Flexible, Squiggly

26
Q

List the three components of a bacterial cell envelope and state each component’s function.

A

Glycocalyx- layer of polysacs on outside to prevent drying out
Plasma membrane- Bi layer with proteins embedded
Cell wall- maintains shape

27
Q

Cell Wall

A

Covering that supports shapes and protects cells

28
Q

Fimbriae

A

Hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to the surfaces

29
Q

Flagellum

A

Rotating filament present in some bacteria that pushes the cell forward

30
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Gel Like coating outside cell wall. If compact, called a capsule, if diffuse, called a slime layer

31
Q

Inclusion Body

A

Stored nutrients for later use

32
Q

Mesosome

A

Plasma membrane that folds into the cytoplasm and increases surface area

33
Q

Nucleoid

A

Location of the bacterial chromosome

34
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Sheath around cytoplasm that regulates entrance and exit of molecules

35
Q

Ribosome

A

Site of protein synthesis

36
Q

Sex Pilus

A

Elongated, hollow appendage used for DNA transfer to other bacterial cells.

37
Q

Why are peroxisomes needed in the cells of germinating seeds?

A

Oxidizes fatty acids into molecules that can turn into sugars that are needed for the growing plant

38
Q

Give three functions of vacuoles

A

Stores Substances, Maintains turgor presser in plants, helps cell increase in size

39
Q

Name the two eukaryotic membranous organelles that specialize in converting energy

A

Chloroplast and Mitochondria

40
Q

Name the energy conversion process that occurs in chloroplasts and write the eqn for this process

A

Photosynthesis

Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Solar Energy Produce Energy (Carbohydrate) and Oxygen

41
Q

Name the energy conversion process that occurs in mitochondria and write the eqn for this process

A

Cellular respiration

Oxygen and Carbohydrate produce Energy, Carbon Dioxide and Water

42
Q

Actin Filaments, Intermediate filaments, and microtubules are all components of a cell’s _____. They are composed of ____

A

Cytoskeleton, Protein

43
Q

List functions of the cytoskeleton

A

Maintain cell shape and allow cell and its organelles to move.

44
Q

What is the purpose of cholesterol in plasma membranes?

A

Stiffens and Strengthens membranes and helps regulate it’s fluiding

45
Q

Are the inner and oter surfaces of the plasma membrane identical? Why or Why not?

A

No. The peripheral proteins are assymetrical.

46
Q

Carbohydrate chains give an animal cell a “sugar coat” called the _____.
List its functions.

A

Glycocalyx

Facilitates adhesion bt cells, reception of signal molecules and cell to cell recognition

47
Q

Channel Protein

A

Allows a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane freely.

48
Q

Carrier Protein

A

Selectively interacts with a specific molecule or ion so that it can cross the plasma membrane

49
Q

Cell Recognition Protein

A

(A glycoprotein) helps the body recognize when it is being invaded by pathogens so that an immune rxn can occur.

50
Q

Receptor Proteins

A

Allows a specific molecule to bind to it. Brings about a cellular response

51
Q

Enzymatic Protein

A

Catalyzes a specific rxn.

52
Q

List substances that cross the plasma membrane assisted by carrier proteins

A

Polar molecules and ions.

53
Q

What is diffusion? What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion: Movement of molecules from a higher to a lower concentration
Osmosis: Diffusion of water

54
Q

Facilitated Transport

A

Explains the passage of such molecules as glucose and amino acids across the plasma membrane even though they are no lipid soluble.

55
Q

Active Transport

A

Requires Energy, Against Concentration Gradient

56
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A

Three sodium ions are carried outward for every two potassium ions carried inward; Therefore, the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared to the outside.

57
Q

List substances that are secreted from cells by exocytosis

A

Hormones, neurotransmitters, and digestive enzyme.

58
Q

Describe Plasmodesmata

A

Numerous narrow membrane-lined channels that pass through the cell wall. Only allows water and small solutes to pass freely from cell to cell.

SENIOR YEAR (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions