AP Psych Unit 4 Flashcards
classical conditioning
organism learns associations between two stimuli
John Watson
American psychologist who popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism
Behaviorism
early 1990s belief that human behavior is more important than mental life (anti-freud)
Pavlov’s Legacy
Learning occurs in all creatures and is related to biological drives
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Stimulus that does not normally trigger a response
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
A response that triggers a response naturally
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Response that happens naturally
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
The formally neutral stimulus that now triggers a response
Conditioned Response (CR)
Same as UR, but now triggered by CS instead of US
Aquisition
the initial stage of learning/conditioning
Higher-order (second-order) conditioning
A conditioned stimulus from one learning procedure is paired with a neutral stimulus creating a second conditioned stimulus
Extinction
Diminishing of a CR
Spontaneous Recovery
Following extinction, presenting the CS alone in the future might lead to a return of the CR
Generalization
CR can be triggered by related/similar stimuli
Discrimination
Only respond to specific stimuli
Operant Chamber
A device that tracks behavior change in response to different rates of reinforcement or punishment
Shaping
Behaviors that get closer (successive approximations ) to the final desired behavior are rewarded
Reinforcement
Feedback from the environment that makes a behavior more likely to occur
Operant Conditioning
the organism learns associations between its behavior and resulting events