AP Psych Unit 1

Question 1

Structuralism

Answer 1

Method of interpretation and analysis of human cognition - behavior, nature, and experience

Question 2

Introspection

Answer 2

To examine ones own emotional state and mind

Question 3

Charles Darwin

Answer 3

Discovered natural selection and evolution - he’s an English naturalist and geologist

Question 4

Natural selection

Answer 4

Genetic traits of a species change over

Question 5

Evolution

Answer 5

species change over time, give rise to new species and share a common ancestor

Question 6

Funtionalism

Answer 6

describes the mind as a functional tool that allows us to adapt to our environments

Question 7

Behaviorists

Answer 7

a person who advocates and observes behaviorism - the science of observable behavior

Question 8

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 8

the study of the whole person

Question 9

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 9

the study of how the brain enables the mind

Question 10

Psychology

Answer 10

scientific study of the human mind and its function

Question 11

Bio-psychosocial approach

Answer 11

interconnection between biological, psychological and socio-environmental factors

Question 12

the seven perspectives of psychology

Answer 12

Study of mental activities associated with functions of the brain

Question 13

Neuroscience perspective

Answer 13

The cause of behavior is your brain

Question 14

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 14

Mental abilities evolve over millions of years

Question 15

Behavior Genetics Perspective

Answer 15

Variation field with separation of genetic and environmental components

Question 16

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 16

Learning classically and operationally with observations -
Environmental conditions like rewards/punishments

Question 17

Cognitive perspective

Answer 17

Based on the mental process (Speaking, Thinking, etc.) - Thinking affects behavior

Question 18

Social Cultural perspective

Answer 18

Behavior results from social and cultural influences - Cultural, family, and environment.

Question 19

Overconfidence

Answer 19

tendency to think we know more than we do

Question 20

hindsight bias

Answer 20

“knew it all along phenomenon”

Question 21

tendency to perceive order in random events

Answer 21

random sequences, patterns and streaks occur more often

Question 22

What are the three scientific attitudes?

Answer 22

Curiosity, Skepticism, and Humility

Question 23

Theory

Answer 23

Organizes a wide range of observations

Question 24

Hypotheses

Answer 24

testable prediction of theory - “if” and “then”

Question 25

Operational definitions

Answer 25

things you do in an experiment that can be measured

Question 26

Case Study

Answer 26

Examining one persons behavior etc

Question 27

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 27

Observing natural behavior

Question 28

Survey

Answer 28

gathering info from many people based on self reporting

Question 29

Random Sample

Answer 29

every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 30

correlation coefficient

Answer 30

a statistic that is used to estimate the degree of linear relationship between two variables

Question 31

scatterplots

Answer 31

graphical representation of the relationship between two continuously measured variables

Question 32

positive correlation

Answer 32

two things increase or decrease together

Question 33

negative correlation

Answer 33

no relation between two things

Question 34

zero correlation

Answer 34

no relation between two things

Question 35

Correlation IMPORTANT

Answer 35

correlation does NOT prove causation

Question 36

Experiment

Answer 36

research method used to isolate cause and effect by manipulating factors

Question 37

Experimental group

Answer 37

group exposed to treatment

Question 38

control group

Answer 38

group NOT exposed to treatment OR is given the placebo

Question 39

Placebo Effect

Answer 39

Oneself believing they are taking the actual treatment - they are not - and having the reaction that they are

Question 40

Random assignment

Answer 40

people randomly put into the control or experimental group and do not know which one they are

Question 41

“Blind”

Answer 41

Participants do not know what treatment they are going to receive

Question 42

“Double Blind”

Answer 42

both the participants nor the researchers do not know which group is getting the real treatment or the placebo (fake)

Question 43

Independent Variable

Answer 43

variable that is being manipulated and studied

Question 44

Dependent variable

Answer 44

add independent variable to experiment it might change dependent

Question 45

confounding variable

Answer 45

anything a scientist CAN’T predict in an experiment that might mess up the results

Question 46

mode

Answer 46

most frequent score

Question 47

median

Answer 47

middle score

Question 48

mean

Answer 48

average score

Question 49

Range

Answer 49

gap between lowest and highest numbers - rough estimate of variation

Question 50

standard variation

Answer 50

measure of how spread out numbers are from the mean (how we break down data)

Question 51

Normal Curve

Answer 51

occurrences take place in the middle of the distribution

Question 52

Statistical Significance

Answer 52

Results can predict the future behavior of the broader population

Question 53

Informed Consent

Answer 53

ensures that patients, clients, and research participants are aware of the important facts of research etc

Question 54

Debriefing

Answer 54

counseling and the giving of information aimed at preventing psychological morbidity and aiding recovery after a traumatic event.