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AP Psych > AP Psych Unit 3 > Flashcards

AP Psych Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

psychophysics

A

the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli

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2
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus

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3
Q

Subliminal

A

Below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness

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4
Q

Weber’s Law

A

different thresholds increase with magnitude of the stimulus

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5
Q

Sensory (neural) adaption

A

diminished sensitivity to stimuli as result of constant stimulation

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6
Q

signal detection theory

A

our thresholds vary constantly depending on emotions, distractions, motivations, expectations

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7
Q

perceptual set

A

mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

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8
Q

context

A

how we interpret stimuli depends on surrounds/situation

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9
Q

light energy wavelength

A

hue of color

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10
Q

light energy amplitude

A

intensity of color

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11
Q

Cornea

A

protects eye/bends light

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12
Q

pupil

A

small adjustable opening

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13
Q

Iris

A

colored muscles that dilates/constricts in response to light intensity

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14
Q

Lense

A

Light rays into an image on the fovea in the back of eyeball

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15
Q

Retina

A

blood vessel tissue on eyeballs inner surface

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16
Q

Optic nerves

A

ganglion cells axons twined together

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17
Q

visual cortext

A

occipital lobe

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18
Q

feature detectors

A

neurons in visual cortex that respond to specific features of a visual stimulus

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19
Q

parallel processing

A

brain can carry out multiple tasks simultaneously

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20
Q

Stroop effect

A

delay in perception when stimuli are “mistmatched”

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21
Q

opponent process theory

A

cones complete

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22
Q

Gestalt

A

german - early study of visual organization

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23
Q

form perception

A

figure and background

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24
Q

similarity

A

we group things that are similar

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25
Q

proximity

A

how close things are to each other

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26
Q

continunity

A

perceive continuous patters rather than separated ones

27
Q

closure

A

fill in gaps to create a whole object

28
Q

binocular disparity

A

brain uses both eyes to judge distance

29
Q

monocular cues

A

we can judge depth in two dimension images like photos by using only one eye

30
Q

perceptual constancy

A

enables us to see an object as unchanging

31
Q

color constancies

A

familiar objects as having consistent color even if the color is different

32
Q

shape constancies

A

we perceive familiar objects as unchanging in shape despite actual changing images they cast on our retinas

33
Q

ames room

A

1934 room designed to manipulate our size constancy

34
Q

moon illusion

A

moon seems larger on the horizon than they sky

35
Q

restored vision

A

distinguish depth, motion, figure

36
Q

sound waves

A

height, length and complexity of sound waves determines what we hear

37
Q

loudness

A

height of sound wave determines volume

38
Q

pitch

A

length of sound wave determines pitch

39
Q

frequency

A

a mix of frequencies timbre (tone)

40
Q

place theory

A

perception of pitch is associated with vibration of different portions of the cochlea

41
Q

frequency theory

A

perception or pitch is associated with the frequency of which the entire basilar membrane vibrates

42
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

sense pressure, texture, and vibrations

43
Q

thermoreceptors

A

sense temperature

44
Q

nociceptors

A

pain

45
Q

gate control theory

A

spinal cord has a “gate” that either blocks pain signals from the small nerve fibers or allows them to pass the brain

46
Q

hypnosis

A

social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, or behavior will occur

47
Q

social influence theory

A

people may act the role of “good hypnotic subjects” influences by hypnotist/crowd

48
Q

divided consciousness theory

A

controversial theory that hypnosis is a state of disassociation where you temporarily live in your subconscious

49
Q

taste

A

a chemical sense

50
Q

sweet

A

energy

51
Q

sour

A

toxic acid

52
Q

salty

A

sodium

53
Q

Umami

A

savoriness

54
Q

bitter

A

poisons

55
Q

olfacation

A

chemical sense (smell)

56
Q

sensory interaction

A

senses can influence each other

57
Q

embodied cognition

A

an approach to cognition that has roots in motor behavior

58
Q

bottom up processing

A

sensory receptors pick up signals for the brain to integrate and process

59
Q

top down processsing

A

perceiving the world around us by drawing from what we already know in order to interpret new information

60
Q

perception

A

brain organizes sensations

61
Q

transductions

A

converting one form of energy into another that our brain can use

62
Q

young-helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory

A

within your eye are tiny cells that can receive waves of light and translate them into blue, green or red

63
Q

kinesthesis

A

how we coordinate movements without having to constantly watch our movements

64
Q

vestibular sense

A

chambers in the ear that have hair-like receptors that send messages to the cerebellum to help us balance

AP Psych (5 decks)

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