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AP Psych > AP Psych Unit 2 > Flashcards

AP Psych Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neuron

A

nerve cells

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2
Q

Dendrite

A

RECEIVE info from other neurons

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3
Q

Axons

A

PASS info along to other neurons

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4
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

encases some axons and helps speed up impulses

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5
Q

Action Potential (impulses)

A

brief electrical charge that travels down the axon

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6
Q

refractory period

A

limits the amount of action potentials that can be sent

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7
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messages that cross the synaptic gap between neurons

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8
Q

synapse

A

tiny space/gap between neurons

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9
Q

reuptake

A

absorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by sending neurons

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10
Q

endorphins

A

key neurotransmitter/natural opiate - when it feels pain or stress endorphins get released

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11
Q

antagonists

A

substances that bind to synaptic receptors and increase the effect of the neurotransmitter

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12
Q

The Nervous System

A

includes the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves - that sends messages back and forth between the brain and the body

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13
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord - reflexes simple automatic response to stimuli involving the spinal cord

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14
Q

Peripheral Nervous system

A

all the nerves that communicate with the body - carries messages to CNS from body sense receptors, muscles and glands

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15
Q

sensory neurons

A

carry signals to your brain to help you touch, taste, smell and see

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16
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Voluntary control of skeletal muscles

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17
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Directions to your brain, muscles and glands

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18
Q

what two small nervous systems are included in the Autonomic Nervous System

A

Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system

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19
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.

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20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

AROUSES (heartbeat increases, pupils dilate etc)

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21
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

CALMS (heartbeat slows, pupils contract etc)

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22
Q

Neural networks

A

a series of connected neurons that allow the processing and transmitting of information

23
Q

Reflexes

A

automatic response to a sensory stimulus - EX: the knee-jerk response

24
Q

Endocrine system

A

The glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body.

25
Q

Hormones

A

One of many substances made by glands in the body - circulate in the bloodstream and control the actions of certain cells or organs

26
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline

27
Q

The Epinephrine (flight or fight)

A

plays an important role in your body’s “fight-or-flight” response

28
Q

Pituitary gland

A

monitors and regulates many bodily functions through the hormones that it produces, including: Growth and sexual/reproductive development and function

29
Q

brainstem

A

responsible for the automatic survival functions

30
Q

medulla

A

heartbeat and breathing

31
Q

reticular formation

A

controls arousal in nervous system

32
Q

thalamus

A

receives info from all senses except smell - sends them to higher regions of brain

33
Q

cerebellum

A

processes sensory info - nonverbal learning and memory

34
Q

limbic system

A

linked to memory, emotions and drives

35
Q

hippocampus

A

processes conscious memory

36
Q

amygdala

A

influences aggression and fear

37
Q

hypothalamus

A

linked to bodily maintenance functions and pleasurable rewards - influences pituitary glands, linking to nervous and endocrine system

38
Q

cerebral cortex

A

protected and nourished by glial cells (white matter)

39
Q

frontal lobe

A

voluntary movement, personaloty, emotions, thinking, and speech

40
Q

parietal lobe

A

understanding language, thought expressions, and sensations

41
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision (eye)

42
Q

temporal lobes

A

hearing

43
Q

motor cortex

A

controls voluntary movements on the OPPOSITE side of our body - located in rear of frontal lobes

44
Q

sensory cortext

A

processes sensations - located in the front parietal lobes

45
Q

association areas

A

sections of the cerebral cortex that are connected to the function of a primary part of the cerebral cortex

45
Q

association areas

A

sections of the cerebral cortex that are connected to the function of a primary part of the cerebral cortex

46
Q

plasticity

A

brain reorganizes in response to damage - esp[ecially with children

47
Q

neurogenesis

A

formation of new neurons is completely possible

48
Q

split brain

A

two cerebral hemispheres have been separated by partial or complete destruction of the corpus callosum

49
Q

corpus callosum

A

ensures both sides of the brain can communicate and send signals to each other

50
Q

lateralization

A

each brain half has specific functions

51
Q

Function of the right side of the brain?

A

visual perception/creative/art

52
Q

Function of the left side of the brain?

A

Verbal language/math/facts

AP Psych (5 decks)

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