Ap Psych Flashcards
how we interpret those sensations is influenced by our available knowledge, our experiences, and our thoughts. An example of this is if you see the chair you have stubbed your toe on before and you avoid it to make sure it does not happen again.
top-down processing
when sensory receptors pick up signals for the brain to integrate and process. An example of this is stubbing your toe on a chair, the pain receptors detect pain and send this information to the brain where it is processed
Bottom up processing
layer of fat that encases many axons in the nervous system, increasing the speed at which messages are sent
Myelin Sheath
the spreading or transmission of information, behaviors, emotions, or psychological traits from one individual to another or within a group or society
Propagation
imaging procedures that use special x-ray equipment to create detailed pictures, or scans, of areas inside the body.
A CT (CAT) scan
Radioactive glucose tracked down to show metabolism by the brain
Pet scan
Electrodes placed on head and graphical image is produced
EEG
responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, processing and transmitting this information throughout the body
neuron
Basic unit of the nervous system
Neurons
Responsible for maintaining balance and coordination
Cerebellum
branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body
Dentrites
neuroimaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain’s structure and function.
MRI
Measures change in blood flow and creates 3D image
fMRI
The ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization.
Neuroplasticity
in-depth study of an individual or a small group
Case study
large band of neural fibers connecting two hemispheres of brain allowing them to communicate with each other
corpus callosum
spoken language, written language, mathematical and logical thought processes, analysis, and reading
Left hemisphere
nonverbal (visual) perception. Is responsible for musical and artistic processing and emotional thought
Right hemisphere
part of the cerebral cortex involved in planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements.
Motor cortex
the process by which our bodies break down sugars for energy
Glucose metabolism
abnormal damage or change in the tissue of an organism
lesion
Roger Sperry
neuropsychologist and neurobiologist who won a Nobel Prize for his work on split-brain research, demonstrating that the left and right hemispheres have different functions
when the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the brain is severed to some degree
split brain
The process of converting sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory. It involves transforming information into a meaningful format that the brain can process and use later
Encoding
Trust vs mistrust
Infancy 0-1 year
Autonomy vs shame/doubt
Early childhood 1-3
Initiative vs guilt
Play age 3-6
Industry vs inferiority
School age 7-11
Identity vs confusion
Adolescence 12-18
Intimacy vs isolation
Early adulthood 19-29
Generativity vs. stagnation
Middle age 30-64
Integrity vs despair
Old age 65+
Responsible for regulating vital functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure
Medulla Oblongata
How we encode, process, and store information in our mind, and how that might affect our behavior and perception of the world around us
Cognitive approach
Focuses on how our body and brain affect one another and our behavior
biological approach
How we learn from our environment
behavioral approach
How thoughts and behaviors are shapes by things in our mind that we are not aware of.
Psychodynamic approach
