AP Notes 81-100

Question 1

Persuasive technique and a type of propaganda through which a writer persuaded his readers, so that majority could agree with the argument of a writer. Suggesting that since majority agrees, the readers should too, such as “Everyone is voting for David, so definitely he is the best presidential candidate.”

Answer 1

Band Wagon

Question 2

The purpose of this technique is to make the audience think and act
in a way that majority follows. This tendency of following the beliefs and actions occurs
when audience sees others are also conforming. We see its usage in literature, politics,
and advertisements, etc. Bandwagon is in fact a good approach for persuasive writing that
successfully works on human minds and psychology. Conversely, writers often use it as a
pressure tactic by creating a sense of fear among the readers if they do not agree with
their beliefs.

Answer 2

BANDWAGON-Function

Question 3

We can easily find the use of propaganda technique in mass media
advertising, politics, and literature. It is a very popular technique in academic commentary
and is taken as an interchangeable form of communication. The primary function of
propaganda is to persuade the readers and mold their perceptions about a particular
cause. In addition, it aims at getting response of respondents and let them adopt a certain
action, because merely securing a commitment or assent would not be enough for making
this technique successful, in securing its purpose.

Answer 3

Propaganda

Question 4

Appeals to a person’s imagination of something we like or trust.
Trump: “Make America Great Again”. “Our school will rise to the top again.”

Answer 4

Propaganda: Transfer

Question 5

These words are used to dupe us into accepting and approving of things
without examining the evidence carefully. Examples: “Natural”, “Democratic”, “Organic”,
“Scientific”, “Ecological”, “Sustainable”.

Answer 5

Propaganda: Glittering/Generalities

Question 6

This represents another type of Propaganda that fits into a
particular category of its own. When some respected celebrity (or alternatively someone
generally hated) claims that an idea or product is good (or bad). This technique is used to
convince us without examining the facts more carefully.

Answer 6

Propaganda: Testimonial

Question 7

This type of propaganda is used by a speaker to convince an
audience that an idea is good because they are the same ideas of the vast majority of
people like themselves. Very similar to “bandwagon” but with the exception that the
speaker or writer is convincing the audience that they [speaker] is just “plain folks” like
them.

Answer 7

Propaganda: Plain Folks

Question 8

This technique is used to convince the audience by using selected information
and not presenting the complete story. Examples: “A study was done that showed eating
peanut butter causes liver cancer” (the fact that later the study was later shown to be
flawed or funded by the peanut butter haters and therefore suspect, is not revealed). A
variation would be “Raising the speed limit to 65 mph resulted in many fewer traffic
fatalities”. Such statements need to be checked with how many people were driving
before and after the change in speed limit. Fewer people may be driving after the speed
limit change, even though the fatality rates (deaths per 100,000) may be higher, leading
to the overall result of fewer fatalities.

Answer 8

Propaganda: DISTORTION OF DATA or OUT OF CONTEXT or CARD STACKING or CHERRY
PICKING:

Question 9

When some respected celebrity (or alternatively someone
generally hated) claims that an idea or product is good (or bad). This technique is used to
convince us without examining the facts more carefully.

Answer 9

Propaganda: Testimonial

Question 10

This often use with Guilt-by-association to deflect scrutiny
away from the issues. It transfers blame to one person or group of people without
investigating the complexities of the issue. Examples: “George W. Bush got us into Iraq”,
“President Reagan caused the national debt”.

Answer 10

Propaganda: Scapegoat

Question 11

This is when someone tries to claim there are only
two sides to an issue and that both sides must have equal presentation in order to be
evaluated. This technique is used to dupe us into believing there is only one way to look
at an issue, when in fact there may be many alternative viewpoints or “sides”. Like most
propaganda techniques it simplifies reality and therefore distorts it, often to the
advantage of the speaker. A classic example is the “intelligent design” versus “evolution”
controversy.

Answer 11

Propaganda: Artificial Dichotomy

Question 12

This is when an idea is made to appear holy, sacred, or very
special and therefore above all law. Any alternative or opposite points of view are
thereby given the appearance of treason or blasphemy. Examples: “God-given right to…”,
“Mother Earth”, “Gia”.

Answer 12

Propaganda: Deification

Question 13

Develops a comparison which is exceedingly unlikely but is, nonetheless,
intellectually imaginative. A comparison turns into a conceit when the writer tries to
make us admit a similarity between two things of whose unlikeness we are strongly
conscious and for this reason, conceits are often surprising.

Answer 13

Conceit

Question 14

If somebody gives an argument to support his position, it is called making a _____.
Different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted
as logical. A general model is given below to explain the steps following in making a____

Answer 14

Claim

Question 15

is an emotional discharge through which one can achieve a state of moral or
spiritual renewal or achieve a state of liberation from anxiety and stress. Catharsis is a
Greek word and it means cleansing. In literature, it is used for the cleansing of emotions
of the characters. It can also be any other radical change that leads to emotional
rejuvenation of a person.

Answer 15

Catharsis

Question 16

Refers to an expression that has been overused to the extent that it loses its original meaning or novelty. A ______ may also refer to actions and events which are predictable because of some previous events.

Answer 16

Cliché

Question 17

A literary device used in argumentative writing where one acknowledges a point made by one’s opponent. It allows for different opinions and approaches towards an issue, indicating an understanding of what causes the actual debate or controversy. It demonstrates that the writer is a mature thinker and has considered the issue from all angles.

Answer 17

Concession

Question 18

Writing style also show that the writer is a logical and fair-minded person, able to realize that every argument has several sides to consider before it is presented. This type of writing can be considered strong as it finds common ground between you and your opponent.

Answer 18

Concession- Part 2

Question 19

Literary device in which two or more words are joined together to coin a new word. A _______ word is formed by blending parts of two or more words but it always refers to a single concept.

Answer 19

Portmanteau

Question 20

Involves the linking and blending of two or more words and the new word formed in the process shares the same meanings as the original words. It is different from a compound word in that it could have a completely different meaning from the words that is was coined from.

Edutainment
Fanzine
Cyberzine
Oxbridge
Telethon
Medicare
Paratroops
Motel
Camcorder
Blog
Podcasting

Answer 20

The coinage of portmanteau