AP Notes 21-40 Flashcards
In writing or speech, the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as this. Possibly the oldest literary device, it has its roots in Biblical Psalms used to emphasize certain words or phrases. Gradually, Elizabethan and Romantic writers brought this device into practice.
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.”
Anaphora
Derived from a Greek word that means turning upon, which indicates that the same word returns at the end of each sentence. It’s a stylistic device that can be defined as the repetition of phrases or words at the end of the clauses or sentences. It is also called epiphora. Found in literary pieces, persuasive writing, and speeches.
It’s opposite is ANAPHORA!!!!!!!!!
“I swear to tell the truth… whole truth… nothing but the truth…”
Epistrophe
Derived from Greek word ____, which means unconnected. It is a stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain grammatical accuracy. This literary tool helps in reducing the indirect meaning of the phrase and presents it in a concise form.. It helps in speeding up the rhythm of words. This technique is usually employed in speech, but it can also be in writing too.
“…among you who deceived you, who cheated you, who meant to betray you completely…”
Asyndeton
Derived from Greek word meaning “bound together”. It makes use of coordinating conjunctions like “and”, “or”, “but” and “nor” (mostly and/or). Which are are clauses in such a way that these conjunctions are even used where they might have been omitted.
Polysyndeton
A literary device in which part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. Distinguishing between this and metonymy often take some thoughtful consideration.
Bread: food/money, "breadwinner," "Writing is my bread and butter." "gray beard": old man "sails": entire ship "suits": businessmen "boots": soldiers "coke": soda or carbonated drinks "Pentagon": a few decision makers "glasses": spectacles "coppers": coins
Synecdoche
In written composition, an attitude of a writer towards a subject or an audience. It is something important for the reader to “sense” to determine an argument. It is generally conveyed through word choice or viewpoint of the writer on a particular subject.
Tone
A step-by-step breakdown of phrases of a process, used to convey the details of each phase of thinking, an operation, etc. Often used to improve understanding and also to breakdown a argument to make it more comprehensible.
Process Analysis
A set of rules in a language. Dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought. In plain English, this refers to HOW we choose to arrange our words. The choice of those specific words is called DICTION. These two are closely related in creating an argument.
Syntax
Our choice of words. It is the purposeful choice of words serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate a ________ that will frame a rhetorical argument.
Provocative Diction
The action or process or supplying something according to shared qualities or characteristics. This often is a strategy of argumentation or an argumentative response in an effort to provide the reader with structure to your argument. It would be considered a support to both ethos and logos in presenting an argument.
Classification
For example, you will win 100 million dollars in the lottery. When you tell the news reporter “I am delighted,” you and making an ______. Similarly, suppose a team loses to its opponent 50 to 0 in a soccer match and the captain of the team says in a post-match ceremony says, “We did not do well,” it is an _______ because he is trying to decrease the intensity of the loss. It is the opposite of hyperbole or overstatement.
Understatement
An argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument. When writing in the argumentative mode, it is MANDATORY that the writer acknowledge the “other” side to his or her argument. It is part of the argument that you are making.
Counter Argument
If somebody gives an argument to support his or her position, it is called making a _____. Different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted as logical.
Claim
A type of literary device that appears in different categories of essays and theses in the form of paraphrase and quotations. It is presented to persuade the readers and used with powerful arguments in the texts or essays. In rhetoric , when a person makes a claim or presents an argument, he needs to present evidence in support of his claim and argument in order to establish the veracity and authenticity of his claim or argument.
Evidence
The glue that holds an argument together. It links the evidence to the claim. It says something like “This evidence supports the claim because…” and it is always in a similar form that is more of a statement of support of “WHY” your evidence supports your question/claim.
Warrant
