AP Notes 41-60 Flashcards
A short, pointed and memorable saying based on facts, and is considered a veritable truth by the majority of people. Famous ______ became popular due to their usage over a long period of time. In fact, an ______ expresses a general fact or truth about life. As it becomes popular, it is then accepted as a universal truth. For instance, “God helps those who help themselves” is now considered a universal truth because of its usage throughout the human history. Often repeated quotes and sayings become _____ that pass on to many generations.
Adage
Comes from the French word, pedant, means “to teach or to act as a pedagogue.” It is someone who is concerned with precision, formalism, accuracy, minute details in order to make an arrogant and ostentatious show of learning. He could be a writer, a character, feelings, tone or words. Sigmund Freud defines ____ as, “The pedant is he who finds it impossible to criticism of himself without immediately reaching for his pen and replying to the effect that the accusation is a gross insult to his person.” A pedant often corrects small mistakes that are not very important in grand matters and, therefore, may annoy others around him.
Pedantic
Lacking proper respect or seriousness. This is often associated with the impatience of youth.
Flippant
The use of language that “suggests” meanings other than the denotative. Language that connects with emotions or feelings not associated with the actual meaning of the word.
Evocative
Inversion, also called anastrophe, in literary style and rhetoric, the syntactic reversal of the normal order of the words and phrases in a sentence, as, in English, the placing of an adjective after the noun it modifies (“the form divine”), a verb before its subject (“Came the dawn”).
Syntactical Inversion
Is a grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun phrases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to identify the other in a different way. The two elements are said to be in an _____.
Apposition
This word is frequently used for those literary texts which are overloaded with informative or realistic matter and are marked by the omission of graceful and pleasing details. _____, therefore, becomes a derogatory term referring to the forms of literature that are ostentatiously dull and erudite. However, some literary texts are entertaining as well as _____.
Didactic
A figure of speech in which two vastly different objects are likened together with the help of similes or metaphors. Thus, ____ examples have a surprising or shocking effect on the readers because they are novel comparisons unlike the conventional comparisons made in similes and metaphors.
Conceit
Has the main clause or predicate at the end. This is used for emphasis and can be persuasive by putting reasons for something at the beginning before the final point is made. It can be also create suspense or interest for the reader.
~In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, -the game continued.-
~With low taxes, beautiful views and a mild climate, -this city is a great place to live.-
~By helping us stay focused and maintaining a good attitude, -positive thinking is important for a happy life.
~Because of adding a pool, spa, and restaurant, -the hotel is experiencing an increase in guests.
~Presenting the winner of seven Academy Awards and two Tony Awards, -I present the star of tonight’s play, Herbert Smith.-
~After shopping at the mall, walking dogs and washing the car, -I finally got to stay in and relax.-
Periodic Sentence
It is a statement that appears to be self contradicting or silly but may include a latent truth. It is also used to illustrate an opinion or statement contrary to accepted traditional ideas. It is often used to make a reader think over an idea in an innovative way.
“All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others.” (also allegory)
“I must be cruel to be kind.”
You enemy’s friend is your enemy.
Paradox
Figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. It may also be a situation that may end up in quite a different way than what’s anticipated. Differences between appearance and reality.
“Go ask his name: if he be married my grave is like to be my wedding bed.”
When Dolokhov is famed for being a pretty great shot, but fails to shoot Pierre in their duel.
Irony
Stylistic device that comes from a Greek word, meaning to place or alongside.
Parentheses
Grimly mocking, sarcastic, satirical, mocking in a humorous manner. This is one of those “TONE” words. that describe writing that fits the meaning.
Gordon Ramsay’s remarks are often seen as ______.
Sardonic
A technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule. It intends to improve humanity by criticizing its follies and foibles. A writer uses fictional characters, which stand for real people, to expose and condemn their corruption. One current example is of Stephen Colbert’s:
“If this is going to be a Christian nation that doesn’t help the poor, either we have to pretend that Jesus was just as selfish as we are, or we’ve got to acknowledge that He commanded us to love the poor and serve the needy without condition and then admit that we just don’t want to do it.”
Satire
Relating to or involving strongly critical, controversial, or disputatious writing or speech. “A polemical essay” could be any of the following:
Critical, hostile, bitter, polemic, virulent, venomous, caustic, trenchant, cutting, acerbic, sardonic, sarcastic, scathing, sharp, incisive, devastating.
After finding out of Natasha’s attempted elopement, Marya regarded her in a very hostile, threatening tone.
Polemical
