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AP US Government and Politics > AP Gov Final Spring Sem 2 > Flashcards

AP Gov Final Spring Sem 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Federalist

A

Advocate for a strong central government

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2
Q

Anti-federalist

A

Advocate for strong state governments

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3
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Bicameral legislature in congress (house: population, senate: regardless of population)

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4
Q

Commerce Clause

A

Article 1, section 8: regulate trade across state lines

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5
Q

Full Faith and Credit Clause

A

States must respect other states’ laws and court decisions

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6
Q

Due Process

A

Fair treatment through the judicial system

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7
Q

Equal Protections Clause

A

14th amendment, every citizen deserves equal protection under the law

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8
Q

Concurrent powers

A

Power shared by the federal and state governments

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9
Q

Enumerated Powers

A

Article 1, section 8: powers specifically listed to congress (collect taxes, coin money, declare war, etc)

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10
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

State cannot tax federal bank: necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause

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11
Q

Federalism

A

A government where the power is split between federal and state governments

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12
Q

Incumbents

A

People who already hold office

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13
Q

Prior restraint

A

Government censorship (unconstitutional)

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14
Q

Strict Scrutiny

A

A test applied by the supreme court to test to see if a law is unconstitutional based on race

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15
Q

Watchdog Journalism

A

Informs the public, holds people in power accountable

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16
Q

Investigative Journalism

A

In depth reports of events

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17
Q

Interest Groups

A

Organizations of people who have common beliefs and goals for politics

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18
Q

PACs

A

Groups that raise money to give to candidates, public and non-profit

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19
Q

Press Briefing

A

A meeting called to inform the press about a certain topic (press secretary)

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20
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

News that is meant to catch people’s eye for drama not for accurate information

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21
Q

Press Release

A

Information distributed to the press or news

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22
Q

Muckraking

A

Journalism that exposes corrupt practices

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23
Q

Narrowcasting

A

Media aimed at a target audience

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24
Q

Retrospective v. Prospective Judgement

A

Voting on past actions vs promises for the future

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25
Q

Lobbying

A

Activities that influence public officials and legislators to affect policies

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26
Q

Electoral College

A

The system that uses 538 electors to vote for the president and vice president

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27
Q

Habeas Corpus

A

Ensures that a convicted person gets due process of the law

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28
Q

Writ of Certiorari

A

Supreme court grants a review for a case

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29
Q

Supreme Court Justices

A

John Roberts, Samuel Alito, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, Elena Kagan, Ketanji Jackson, Sonia Sotomayor, Amy Barrett, Clarence Thomas

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30
Q

Executive Orders

A

Orders the president puts out, no need for senate approval, used to control the bureaucracy

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31
Q

Pork Barrel

A

Using government funds for projects to please legislators and voters to try to win votes

32
Q

Supremacy Clause

A

McCulloch v. Maryland: federal government above state

33
Q

Necessary and Proper Clause

A

Article 1, section 8: allows congress implied powers to carry out powers based on the constitution

34
Q

Bills of Attainder

A

Unconstitutional laws that have people detained without due process

35
Q

Line-Item Veto

A

President can veto part of a bill

36
Q

Ex Post Facto Laws

A

A law that punishes people for committing a crime when it was still legal

37
Q

Congressional oversight

A

Power of congress to oversee operations of other parts of the government

38
Q

Pendleton Act

A

Outlawed the spoils system

39
Q

Cloture

A

Senate vote to end a filibuster

40
Q

Treaties

A

Agreement between countries

41
Q

Concurring Opinions

A

Opinions that agree with the majority decision but for a different legal reason

42
Q

Stare Decisis

A

“Let the decision stand”: precedents

43
Q

Dissenting Opinions

A

Opinions that disagree with the majority opinion

44
Q

Hatch Act

A

Prohibited federal employees from working for a party or giving money

45
Q

Filibuster

A

Senate tactic to delay passing of a bill

46
Q

Apportionment

A

Follows the census and redistributes the house seats based on population

47
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Drawing of district boundaries to benefit a party

48
Q

Standing Committee

A

Establishes policies and provides legislative oversight, congress works in these

49
Q

Joint Committee

A

Contains both parts of congress

50
Q

Conference Committee

A

Discusses bills

51
Q

Select Committee

A

Temporary

52
Q

Court of Appeals

A

Hears appeals from lower courts

53
Q

Poll taxes

A

A fee that people had to pay to vote

54
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

First meeting that discussed women’s rights

55
Q

Standards of Review

A

Strict scrutiny (race), intermediate scrutiny (gender), rational basis (age, etc)

56
Q

Selective Incorporation

A

The process that introduces each amendment from the bill of rights into state governments

57
Q

Double Jeopardy

A

Punished for the same crime twice (unconstitutional, 5th amendment)

58
Q

Exclusionary Rule

A

Cannot use illegally obtained evidence in court, Mapp v. Ohio

59
Q

Free Exercise Clause

A

Prohibits government from interfering with religious practices

60
Q

Libel

A

Written defamation

61
Q

Slander

A

Spoken defamation

62
Q

Wisconsin v. Yoder

A

Amish case: free exercise clause protected

63
Q

Espionage Act

A

Punishes activity that could expose the military or cause harm to it

64
Q

Obscenity

A

Unprotected speech

65
Q

Fighting Words

A

Unprotected speech, incites violence

66
Q

Hate Speech

A

Protected speech, belittles a group of people

67
Q

Symbolic Speech

A

Protected speech, using actions other than words

68
Q

Federalist Papers

A

Collection of 85 articles in support of the constitution

69
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

July 4, 1776, declaring independence from Great Britain

70
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

Soldiers attempted to prevent farms from closing, proved the articles were weak because they didn’t have a militia

71
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

Meeting in 1787 to write the constitution

72
Q

Executive privilege

A

Power of the executive to withhold information

73
Q

Inherent powers

A

Like congressional implied powers but for the president

74
Q

Mercantilism

A

Promote nation’s prosperity through trading

75
Q
A

AP US Government and Politics (12 decks)

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