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AP EURO 2024 > AP EURO UNIT 5 > Flashcards

AP EURO UNIT 5 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Bourgeoisie: Middle class, typically associated with owning property or engaging in commerce, exemplified by merchants and business owners during the Industrial Revolution.

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2
Q

Stamp Act

A

Stamp Act: British tax on printed materials imposed on the American colonies in 1765, sparking protests and contributing to the American Revolution.

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3
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Declaration of Independence: Document adopted by the Continental Congress in 1776, proclaiming the 13 American colonies’ independence from British rule.

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4
Q

Classic liberalism

A

Classical liberalism: Political ideology emphasizing individual rights, free markets, and limited government intervention, championed by thinkers like John Locke and Adam Smith.

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5
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Checks and balances: System in a government where separate branches have powers that limit and control the others, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful, as seen in the U.S. Constitution.

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6
Q

Estate

A

Estate: Social class or category in pre-revolutionary France, divided into three: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and commoners (Third Estate).

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7
Q

First Estate

A

First Estate: The clergy, including bishops and priests, who held significant power and privileges in pre-revolutionary France.

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8
Q

Second Estate

A

Second Estate: The nobility, comprising aristocrats who held political and social dominance in pre-revolutionary France.

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9
Q

Third Estate

A

Third Estate: Commoners, including peasants, artisans, and bourgeoisie, who lacked the privileges and often bore the burden of taxation in pre-revolutionary France.

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10
Q

Manorial Rights

A

Manorial rights: Feudal privileges and authority held by lords over their serfs and land, including the right to collect taxes and administer justice.

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11
Q

National Assembly

A

National Assembly: Revolutionary assembly formed by representatives of the Third Estate during the French Revolution, symbolizing the people’s sovereignty.

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12
Q

Louis XVI

A

Louis XVI: King of France during the French Revolution, whose reign ended with his execution by guillotine in 1793.

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13
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

Marie Antoinette: Queen of France, married to Louis XVI, infamous for her extravagant lifestyle and eventual execution during the French Revolution.

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14
Q

The bastille

A

The Bastille: Parisian fortress and prison stormed by revolutionaries on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the beginning of the French Revolution.

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15
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: Revolutionary document adopted by the National Assembly in 1789, asserting the rights of individuals and sovereignty of the people.

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16
Q

Maximillen Robespierre

A

Maximilien Robespierre: Radical Jacobin leader during the French Revolution, associated with the Reign of Terror.

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17
Q

Emigres

A

Émigrés: French nobles and clergy who fled France during the Revolution, often to escape persecution or support counter-revolutionary efforts.

18
Q

Cahiers de Doleances

A

Cahiers de Doléances: Lists of grievances and suggestions for reform submitted by the French people to the king in 1789, preceding the Estates-General.

19
Q

Great fear

A

Great Fear: Period of panic and peasant uprisings in rural France during the early stages of the French Revolution in 1789.

20
Q

Women’s March on Versailles

A

Women march on Versailles: Protest by Parisian women in October 1789, demanding bread and eventually leading to the royal family’s relocation to Paris.

21
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Women

A

Declaration of the Rights of Women: Document advocating for women’s rights, penned by Olympe de Gouges during the French Revolution.

22
Q

Declaration of Pillnitz

A

Declaration of Pillnitz: Statement issued by Austria and Prussia in support of Louis XVI and warning against harm to the French monarchy.

23
Q

Jacobins

A

Jacobins: Radical political club during the French Revolution, known for its role in executing Louis XVI and initiating the Reign of Terror.

24
Q

September Massacres

A

September Massacres: Violent events in Paris in September 1792, resulting in the killing of prisoners, including suspected counter-revolutionaries and clergy.

25
Q

Sans culottes

A

Sans-culottes: Working-class revolutionaries in France, known for their radicalism and rejection of aristocratic fashion.

26
Q

Reflections on the Revolution in France

A

Reflections on the Revolution in France: Book by Edmund Burke criticizing the French Revolution’s radicalism and advocating for gradual reform.

27
Q

Reign of Terror

A

Reign of Terror: Period of violence and mass executions during the French Revolution, led by the Committee of Public Safety under Robespierre.

28
Q

Thermidorian Reaction

A

Thermidorian Reaction: Period following Robespierre’s fall from power, marked by a backlash against the radicalism of the Reign of Terror.

29
Q

Directory

A

Directory: Executive body governing France after the fall of Robespierre, characterized by corruption and instability.

30
Q

Napoleon

A

Napoleon: French military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and later became Emperor of France.

31
Q

Consulate

A

Consulate: Period of French government led by Napoleon following the end of the Directory.

32
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

Napoleonic Code: Civil code established by Napoleon, influencing legal systems worldwide with its emphasis on meritocracy and civil rights.

33
Q

Treaty of Tilsit

A

Treaty of Tilsit: Peace treaty between France and Russia in 1807, marking Napoleon’s dominance over continental Europe.

34
Q

Continental System

A

Continental System: Economic blockade imposed by Napoleon to isolate Britain and weaken its economy.

35
Q

Hundred Days

A

Hundred Days: Period from Napoleon’s return from exile on Elba to his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.

36
Q

Quadruple Alliance

A

Quadruple Alliance: Coalition of Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia formed to defeat Napoleon and restore stability to Europe.

37
Q

Girondists

A

Girondists: Moderate faction within the French Revolution, eventually overthrown by the radical Jacobins.

38
Q

The Mountain

A

The Mountain: Radical faction within the French Revolution, known for its role in the Reign of Terror.

39
Q

Jean Paul Marat

A

Jean-Paul Marat: Radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution, known for his advocacy of violence against perceived enemies of the revolution.

40
Q

Battle of Trafalgar

A

Battle of Trafalgar: Naval battle in 1805 where the British Royal Navy defeated the French and Spanish fleets, ensuring British naval supremacy.

AP EURO 2024 (5 decks)

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