AP EURO UNIT 5 Flashcards
Bourgeoisie
Bourgeoisie: Middle class, typically associated with owning property or engaging in commerce, exemplified by merchants and business owners during the Industrial Revolution.
Stamp Act
Stamp Act: British tax on printed materials imposed on the American colonies in 1765, sparking protests and contributing to the American Revolution.
Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Independence: Document adopted by the Continental Congress in 1776, proclaiming the 13 American colonies’ independence from British rule.
Classic liberalism
Classical liberalism: Political ideology emphasizing individual rights, free markets, and limited government intervention, championed by thinkers like John Locke and Adam Smith.
Checks and Balances
Checks and balances: System in a government where separate branches have powers that limit and control the others, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful, as seen in the U.S. Constitution.
Estate
Estate: Social class or category in pre-revolutionary France, divided into three: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and commoners (Third Estate).
First Estate
First Estate: The clergy, including bishops and priests, who held significant power and privileges in pre-revolutionary France.
Second Estate
Second Estate: The nobility, comprising aristocrats who held political and social dominance in pre-revolutionary France.
Third Estate
Third Estate: Commoners, including peasants, artisans, and bourgeoisie, who lacked the privileges and often bore the burden of taxation in pre-revolutionary France.
Manorial Rights
Manorial rights: Feudal privileges and authority held by lords over their serfs and land, including the right to collect taxes and administer justice.
National Assembly
National Assembly: Revolutionary assembly formed by representatives of the Third Estate during the French Revolution, symbolizing the people’s sovereignty.
Louis XVI
Louis XVI: King of France during the French Revolution, whose reign ended with his execution by guillotine in 1793.
Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette: Queen of France, married to Louis XVI, infamous for her extravagant lifestyle and eventual execution during the French Revolution.
The bastille
The Bastille: Parisian fortress and prison stormed by revolutionaries on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the beginning of the French Revolution.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: Revolutionary document adopted by the National Assembly in 1789, asserting the rights of individuals and sovereignty of the people.
Maximillen Robespierre
Maximilien Robespierre: Radical Jacobin leader during the French Revolution, associated with the Reign of Terror.
Emigres
Émigrés: French nobles and clergy who fled France during the Revolution, often to escape persecution or support counter-revolutionary efforts.
Cahiers de Doleances
Cahiers de Doléances: Lists of grievances and suggestions for reform submitted by the French people to the king in 1789, preceding the Estates-General.
Great fear
Great Fear: Period of panic and peasant uprisings in rural France during the early stages of the French Revolution in 1789.
Women’s March on Versailles
Women march on Versailles: Protest by Parisian women in October 1789, demanding bread and eventually leading to the royal family’s relocation to Paris.
Declaration of the Rights of Women
Declaration of the Rights of Women: Document advocating for women’s rights, penned by Olympe de Gouges during the French Revolution.
Declaration of Pillnitz
Declaration of Pillnitz: Statement issued by Austria and Prussia in support of Louis XVI and warning against harm to the French monarchy.
Jacobins
Jacobins: Radical political club during the French Revolution, known for its role in executing Louis XVI and initiating the Reign of Terror.
September Massacres
September Massacres: Violent events in Paris in September 1792, resulting in the killing of prisoners, including suspected counter-revolutionaries and clergy.
