AOTA-Sensory Integration +Behavioral Disorders

Question 1

What are the proximal senses emphasized in Ayres Sensory Integration?

a] vestibular, vision, hearing
b] tactile, proprioceptive, vision
c] vestibular, tactile, vision
d] vestibular, tactile, proprioceptive

Answer 1

d] vestibular, tactile, proprioceptive

Hearing and vision are both distal senses

Question 2

Sensory modulation is regulated by the _________ of its own activity.

a] CNS
b] PNS
c] stimuli
d] synapse

Answer 2

a] CNS

Question 3

Tactile discrimination

Answer 3

difficulty making sense of, or interpreting, __(touch)__input

Question 4

Fine motor manipulation skills may be delayed as a result of _________.

Answer 4

Tactile discrimination and proprioceptive problems

Question 5

Children having difficult grading force or pressure is a result of __________.

Answer 5

proprioceptive problems

Question 6

Children with tactile discrimination and proprioceptive problems may have difficulties with ________ and _____________.

Answer 6

1. visual-motor tasks
2. motor planning

Question 7

Intervention for tactile discrimination

Answer 7

Educate on compensating for motor skills, using visual guidance.

Question 8

Intervention for proprioceptive problems

Answer 8

Due to the body’s inability to receive info. from its muscles and joints…

Cognitive strategies can be used to help them compensate for body awareness

Question 9

Vestibular-proprioceptive problems

Answer 9

1.poor bilateral coordination
2. difficulty sequencing actions
3. decreased equilibrium reactions
4. poor posture
5. lower-than-avg tone
6. delayed GM skills

Question 10

Intervention for Vestibular-proprioceptive problems

Answer 10

1. Project action sequencing, moving their bodies in relationship to changing environmental conditions (ex. responding to a ball flying at you)

-instead of pushing a child on a swing, allow them to swing themselves (offers propro.input)

-jumping on a trampoline
-hanging from a trapeze/monkeybar
-cartwheels/wheelbarrow walks

Question 11

Praxis problems (dyspraxia)

Answer 11

Difficulty with ideation, planning/motor planning, execution, tactile perception and discrimination

Question 12

What are some assessments that are used to gain understanding of how sensory problems influence participation in daily activities?

Answer 12

1. Sensory Profile
2. Sensory Processing Measure
3. Touch Inventory for Elementary-School-Aged Children

Question 13

What is the difference between sensory profile (SP) and sensory processing measure (SPM)?

Answer 13

1. SPM-intended to document behaviors assoicated with day-to-day sensory feathers.
2. SPM assesses sensory, praxis, and social participation
3. SP analyzes children’s neurological threshold and responses associated with emotional and behavioral self-regulation throughout their daily life.
4. SP assesses sensory processing, modulation, emotional/social response, bringing a greater understanding about why a child engages in particular beavhoirs and why they prefer certain environments/experience.

Question 14

What are some standardized tests used for testing sensory dysfunction?

Answer 14

1. Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT)
2. Miller Function and Participation Scale
3. Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT)
4. School Function Assessment (SFA)

Question 15

Formal clinical observations include:

Answer 15

Observation of crossing the body at midline, equilibrium reactions, muscle tone, prone extension, and supine flexion.

Question 16

Intervention for children with sensory integration difficulties include: (3)

Answer 16

1. child-directed
2. just-right challenges
3. play and imagination

Question 17

What is the purpose of SI interventions?

Answer 17

To alter the child’s CNS so that the child may respond more efficiently and effectively to his or her environment.

Question 18

Suspended equipment provides opportunities for children to gain ________ input.

a] proprioceptive
b] vestibular
c] tactile

Answer 18

b] vestibular

Question 19

Fill in the blank:

____________ input may have a mediating effect on _________ input, and the occupational therapy practitioner will often offer both types of input at the same time (e.g., encouraging the child to swing on a platform swing while “climbing” a rope with the hands).

a] Proprioceptive; vestibular
b] Vestibular; proprioceptive
c] Proprioceptive; tactile
d] Vestibular; tactile

Answer 19

a] Proprioceptive; vestibular

Question 20

What input(s) are provided when a child is playing in a bin of rice or beans?

a] vibration
b] tactile
c] answers a] and b]
d] none of the above

Answer 20

c] vibration and tactile inputs

Question 21

What input(s) are provided when a child is pulling oneself up a rope?

a] proprioceptive
b] tactile
c] answers a] and b]
d] none of the above

Answer 21

a] proprioceptive

Question 22

What are the steps to evaluating a child with behavorial disorders?

Answer 22

1. Review history to understand child’s behavior, including relevant medical information
2. Occupational profile
3. Preassessment checklist completed by the child’s teacher
4. Observation in natural environment with peers.
5. Assessment

Behavioral Disorders

Question 23

Assessments for Behavioral Disorders

Answer 23

1. Social Skills Rating System
2. School Function Assessment (SFA)

Assessments for Behavioral Disorders

Question 24

What are some strategies for reducing tantrums?

Behavioral Disorders

Answer 24

1. good communication
2. express anger appropriately
3. self-regulation
4. ensure basic needs are met
5. allow time for transitioning
6. prep child for novel situations/people ahead of time
7. praise
8. give opportunties to make choices
9. do not phrase directive
10. consider each requests carefully (to avoid power struggle)
11. redirect when items are off limits
12. maintain routines whenever possible

Behavioral Disorders

Question 24

What are some treatment strategies for Behavioral Disorders?

Behavioral Disorders

Answer 24

1. rewards/incentives
2. encourage delayed gradification (First, Then)
3. Prompts (physical, visual, demonstration, modeling, auditory/verbal)
4. shape response (fwd,bkward chaining)
5. time out, heavy work, calming strat for sensory overload
6. regroup (leaving for a few sec.)

Behavioral Disorders

Question 25

What is the shaping approach?

Answer 25

An invention strategy where one successively approximate or learn intermediate behaviors that are prerequisite components of the final behavior.

Question 26

AOTA Question:

An OTR® is working with a child with autism who gets easily frustrated with challenging tasks. The child’s current goal is to learn how to hit a ball with a bat. The OTR decides to use shaping as an intervention strategy. Which technique BEST describes shaping as a teaching strategy?

A] The OTR teaches successive approximations of the task, such as picking up the bat, swinging the bat, and tapping a ball with the bat.

B] The OTR teaches the child each prerequisite step of the activity in a systematic fashion and asks the child to combine each step, for example, holding the bat and then swinging the bat.

C] The OTR helps the child hold the bat and swing the bat and then allows the child to hit the ball independently.

D] The OTR systematically demonstrates to the child how to swing the bat, instructs the child to swing the bat, and implements a time delay before a ball is pitched to learn the new skill.

Answer 26

Solution: The correct answer is A.

Successively approximating or learning intermediate behaviors that are prerequisite components of the final behavior is part of the shaping technique.

B: This approach is an example of forward chaining.

C: This approach is an example of backward chaining.

D: This approach is an example of time-delay procedure.