AOT Hydroaulics Flashcards
1 Gallon of water weighs?
8.34lbs
How many cubic inches in 1 gallon of water
231cu in
How many gallons of water in 1 Cubic foot?
7.48 gallons
1 cubic foot of water weighs?
62.4lbs Salt water =64lbs
1 cubic foot = ____cu in.
1728
Area of a square:
LxW
Area of a circle:
.7854 x Dsquared
Volume of a Cube:
LxWxH
Volume of a Cylinder:
.7854xD²xLorH
1lb of pressure will raise water _______ft.
2.31
A column of water one inch square and one foot high exerts a pressure of _____lbs.
.434lbs
Water will remain solid below ______°F
32
Water will remain a liquid at _______°F
32-212
Water will turn to steam above _____°F
212
What is the formula for the discharge in gpm from a nozzle?
30D²√p
What is the formula from an open butt hose?
27D²√p
Lines Available % Drop ≤10% ≤11-15% ≤16-25% >25%
Lines available \+Lines 3 2 1 0
What is the formula for Nozzle reaction?
1.57xD²xP
What 5 is the discharge formula for sprinklers?
.5P+15= 1 head (X by # of heads flowing)
How do you get the Pump Discharge Pressure?
PDP = NP + TPL
How do you get the Total Pressure Loss?
(TPL)Total Pressure Loss =
(FL)Friction Loss + (APP) ± (BP) Back Pressure
What is the formula for Friction Loss?
FL = CQ²L FL = Friction Loss C = Coefficient Q = GPM ÷ 100 L = Length of hose ÷ 100
What is the Nozzle Pressure for a Solid Stream Nozzle (Handline)?
50 PSI
What is the Nozzle Pressure for a Solid Stream Nozzle (Master Stream)?
80 PSI
What is the Nozzle Pressure for a Standard Fog Nozzle?
100 PSI
What is the Nozzle Pressure for a Low Pressure Fog Nozzle?
75 PSI ?
What are the Coefficients for 1” Hose line?
1½” Hose line
2½” Hose line
4” Hose line
1” Hose line - 150
1½” Hose line - 24
2½” Hose line - 2
4” Hose line - .2
What is the Friction loss for a 1” hose flowing 30 GPM?
Actual FL Field Calc
13.5psi 15psi
What is the Friction loss for a 1½” Hose line flowing 60 GPM?
Actual FL Field Calc
8.64psi 10
(1½” Hose line wyed to 2 1”)
What is the Friction loss for a 1½” Hose line flowing 125 GPM?
Actual FL Field Calc
37.5 35
What is the Friction loss for a 1½” Hose line flowing 185 GPM?
Actual FL Field Calc
82.14 80
(CAFS 15/16” Nozzle)
What is the Friction loss for a 2½” Hose line flowing 250 GPM?
Actual FL Field Calc
12.5 15
What is the Friction loss for a 4” Hose line flowing 1000 GPM?
Actual FL Field Calc
20 20
What is the friction loss for Ladderpipe?
25psi
What is the friction loss for Dry Standpipe?
25psi
What is the friction loss for Deluge/Turret?
25psi
What is the friction loss for FDC Sprinkler System?
150psi
What is the friction loss for Wye, Siamese Connection, or RAM?
Less than 350 GPM 0
350 GPM or more 10
What is the Friction loss for a 1” hose flowing 50 GPM?
Actual FL Field Calc
43 40
(.5” Smooth Bore Nozzle)
What is the GPM for a 15/16” smooth bore nozzle tip?
185 GPM
What is the GPM for a 1” smooth bore nozzle tip?
200 GPM
What is the GPM for a 1½” smooth bore nozzle tip?
600 GPM
What is the GPM for a 2” smooth bore nozzle tip?
1000 GPM
What is the GPM for a 1 1/8” smooth bore nozzle tip?
300 GPM
What are the forms that should be in your vehicle accident packet?
• C&C Automobile Loss Notice (Dept. vehicle accident w/non dept. or property)
• DHR-ISWC-VARC -1 (Vehicle accident investigation form)
• Registration • No Fault
What are the accident procedures for a Serious Accident?
- Fatality/Vehicle towed/Medical attention away from
scene
• Stop and give aide • Notify FCC
• Location
• Persons involved
• Number and extent of injury - Involved vehicle/property • Resources needed
• FCC will notify HPD, EMS, appropriate BC, AC of Admin (24hr/next shift)
• Fleet Safety immediately for injury/fatality • Avoid argument, accusations, liability, payment,
assumed obligation, expenses • Owner not present = leave note
• Move vehicles from road
• Vehicle Accident Packet (C&C Automobile Loss
Notice, ISWC-VARC-1, Reg., Insurance)
• Obtain info from drivers, witnesses, badge#, injured,
Lic.#, pictures
• Apparatus in accidents w/non dept. vehicle- Accord 2
to Fleet Safety (24hrs)
• Employee injured ISWC-1 filled out by Co. Cdr.
• Form 74 filled out by all on apparatus (what they saw before, after and during)
• If responding Co. Cdr. will determine if apparatus safe to continue, leave 1 FF
• Injury or death, do not leave scene
• BC will ensure proper forms are completed and take
photos
What is the procedure for a non-serious accident?
• Stop and Render aide
• Notify FCC w/pertinent information
• Follow same protocol
• With approval of responding Chief, may leave a member at
scene to render aide
What about accidents with private vehicles doing official business?
- Stop and render aide
- Notify HPD through FCC
• Report accident to immediate supervisor
o Form 74 through channels to Fire Chief
o Accord 2 and CS-S2 not needed (guide in obtaining
information)
o Injuries reported on ISWC-1
o If apparatus contributed to an accident, this procedure
is used
What is a good following distance procedure?
• Engine – 1 second for every 10’ of length (40 mph or less) o (Add 1 sec over 40mph)
• Type 3 – 2 second plus rule
What conditions means taking an apparatus out of service?
• Temp 205° (pilot light) • Air Pressure 90 psi
o Leak more than 3 psi class B (4 psi class A)
• Oil Pressure 5 psi (warning light)
• Flat tire (blowout)
• Unusual noise or smell indicating mechanical trouble
Hose testing- Conducted annually from January 1- June 30th
o Gaskets are replaced on the even number years o Hose testing shall be documented on HFD 036
• Burst test: at least 3 times the service test pressure
• Proof test: at least 2 times the service test pressure
• Kink test: at least 1.5 times the service test pressure • Service Test pressure: 110% of the operating pressure • Hoses shall be tested for a time of 5 minutes
• Hose lengths shall not to exceed 300ft
• Similar-sized hoses with similar service test pressures
shall be tested together.
• Supply lines shall be tested at 300 psi
• Attack lines shall be tested at 400 psi
• Fire apparatuses shall pump no more than 250psi net
engine pressure
• The supply hose to the tester shall be connected to a 2
1⁄2 gated ball valve that shall be equipped with a ball that has a 1⁄4” hole, and shall be connected opposite of the pump panel.
• The inline valve shall be left open while the hoses are
filling up with water and closed afterward and the
hose tester activated
• If a hose bursts, that hose shall be removed and the
remaining hoses shall be tested for the remaining time. • If there is a leak in the hose, a rag shall be tied to the
location of the leak, and the hose shall be tagged and
sent in to the storeroom.
Safe Highway Operations
• Advance Warning: 5 times the posted roadway speed
• Buffer Zone: 10ft for every 5 mph of posted roadway speed
• Upstream: direction the traffic is moving as it approaches the incident scene.
• Lane of traffic shall be identified beginning from the
righty to left from the approaching motorist’s point of
view. (Lane 1, Lane 2, etc)
• Typically, vehicles travel at a lower speed in the lower
numbered lanes
• Right and left directions shall be identified from the
approaching motorist’s point of view
• Class III vests shall be worn at all times unless
fighting a car fire
• Warning flares shall be deployed at 15 ft intervals
upstream of the blocking apparatus, with the furthest
flare at 75ft. 5 flares shall be utilized
• Warning flares on limited-access, high-volume
roadway shall be placed farther apart, with the last
flare 150 feet upstream.
CAFS simple notes
• Transfer valve shall be set to Volume
• Nozzles need to be fully opened or completely shut • For proper agitation in the hose line, the following
lengths are listed
o 1 inch: minimum 50 ft o 1 1⁄2 inch: minimum 100 ft o 2 1⁄2 inch: minimum 150 ft
• Thermal imaging camera will not display objects covered with foam
• PDP shall be set to 100 psi for handlines and 140 psi for master stream operation
• Monitor the pomp compressor (165-210F)
• Interior attacks wet foam (2:1) shall be applied. Very
wet foam (3:1) usually for master streams
• For exposure: Fluid foam (1:1) shall be applied or a
two-tiered approach (wet foam covered with fluid
foam)
• Class A foam is biodegradable, at least 60% of the
foam will be reduced to a molecular level within 28 days. Drill sites shall not be used for 28 days- a HFD for 91 shall be documented on
• Drain time: the time it takes for foam bubbles to pop, returning to its liquid form.
• Air compressor oil sight glass: ensure that the oil is
amber in color.
Use COMPASS to update the Hazmat companies
o Container shape and size
o Occupancy and location
o Markings and Colors
o Placards and labels
o Assume it is hazmat
o Shipping papers and material Safety data sheets
ERG
Types of Gates
• Ball Valve- used on pumper discharges and gated wyes
• Gate Valve- common of fire hydrants
• Butterfly Valves- Used on pump intakes
• Clapper Valves- used in Siamese appliances
Hose stream characteristics?
• 1 1⁄2 inch: 40-125 GPM 25-50 feet
• 2 1⁄2 inch: 125-350 GPM reach 50-100 feet
• Master stream: 350-2000 GPM maximum reach 100-200 feet
What are characteristics of Natural Gas?
• In its pure form is methane, which is lighter than air and non-toxic
• Has no odor but is given the odor of Mercaptan
What are characteristics of LPG?
• Also known as bottle gas (butane or propane)
• 1 1⁄2 heavier than air
• Explosive in concentrations of 1.5-10%
• Leak will produce a cloud of vapor that hugs the
ground
o Can be dissipated by fog stream of at least 100 GPM
o Most LPG tanks have the shut-off located on top
What is the GPM for a 1 3/8” smooth bore nozzle tip?
400 GPM
What is the GPM for a 1/2” smooth bore nozzle tip?
50 GPM on a 1” line
What is the Friction loss for a 2½” Hose line flowing 30 GPM?
Field = 0 psi
What is the Friction loss for a 2½” Hose line flowing 125 GPM?
Field = 5 psi
What is the Friction loss for a 2½” Hose line flowing 200 GPM?
Field = 10 psi
What appliances have a friction loss of 25 psi?
Deluge/turret
Standpipe connection
Ladder Pipe
What is the Friction loss for a wye, Siamese connection, or RAM?
Less then 350 gpm 0 psi
More then 350 gpm 10 psi
What is the gpm for hoses when pumping caffe?
1 “ 30-40 gpm
1 1/2” 90-100 gpm
2 1/2” 140-160 gpm
Turret. 140 psi
What Ladders are on the engine?
1 Ladder, Ground, Extension, Minimum 24’
1 Ladder, Roof, Minimum 14’
1 Ladder, Collapsible, Minimum 10’
