Aortic and Pulm Valve Disease - Key Points Flashcards
Who is at risk for aortic stenosis? What is it caused by?
The tricuspid aortic valves become stenotic in the sixth, seventh, and eighth decades of life, mainly caused by calcium deposits in the valve cusps and not by fusion of the commissures.
What is a cause of aortic stenosis in developing countries?
In developed countries, rheumatic fever has become a very rare cause of aortic stenosis. When the aortic valve is affected by rheumatic heart disease the mitral valve is almost always affected as well.
how do you dx aortic stenosis?
The echocardiogram with Doppler interrogation of the aortic valve serves as the mainstay of diagnosis.
When is valve replacement recommended in aortic stenosis?
Valve replacement is recommended for individuals with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Such patients have a dire outlook, with 75% dying within 3 years of symptom onset.
what are the main sx of severe aortic stenosis?
The cardinal symptoms of severe aortic stenosis are angina, syncope and shortness of breath
describe the etiology of bicuspid aortic valve disease
Bicuspid aortic valve disease is the most common congenital cardiac defect (1-2% of babies) . While it can be found in isolation, it is often associated with dilation of the proximal ascending aorta secondary to abnormalities of the aortic media.
how do you assess the aortic valve?
Serial assessment of the aortic valve by echocardiography is a valuable tool to evaluate the functional state of the valve as well as to measure the aortic diameter, chamber dimensions, and ventricular function
who tends to get pulmonic valve stenosis?
Stenosis of the pulmonic valve is one of the more common forms of congenital heart disease. Most of the patients are children however patients with congenital pulmonic stenosis may come to medical attention during adolescence or adulthood.
what is a recent tx of pulmonic valve stenosis?
In recent years percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty has largely replaced surgical valvotomy except in patients with dysplastic valves.
how does aortic valve stenosis develop?
Once thought a degenerative disease, the mechanism by which a healthy tricuspid aortic valve becomes stenotic is now believed to be similar to that of atherosclerosis.
after development, BAV is associated with
aortic dilation, aneurysms, and dissection . In light of this, the BAVs should be considered a disease of the entire aortic root.
who tends to get bicuspid aortic valve?
BAV occurs in 1% to 2% of the population
Familial clustering is compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance
Males are affected 4:1
Echocardiographic screening of first-degree relatives is warranted.
subvalvular disease
-form of aortic stenosis
-thin membrane (the most common lesion),
-thick fibromuscular ridge,
diffuse tunnel-like obstruction,
-Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
-abnormal mitral valve attachments, and
-accessory endocardial cushion tissue
