Aorta Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Crawford Classification?

A
Type I  LSCA to diaphragm 
Type II LSCA to bifurcation
Type III T6 to to bifurcation
Type IV T6 to renals
Type V T6 to above renals
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1
Q

Things to ask when imaging aorta?

A
Location of abnormal
Max diameter
If genetic syndrome, av sinus, STJ, asc aorta diam
Filling defects
Presence if IMH, PAU, calcification
Extension into branches end organ injury
Presence of rupture hematoma
Previous imaging
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2
Q

What are the indications for surgical treatment for ascending aorta?

A

Class I
Asympto aneurysm, asc, root, IMH, PAU, mycoric pseudo >5.5 cm
Asympto growth rate >o.5 cm per year
Asympto plus cv sx >4.5 cm
Sympto
Modified David if possible for marfans LD, EHD

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3
Q

What is risk for asc/thoracic repair?

A
MI 1-5%
Infection 1-5%
Stroke. 1-2%
Reop 1-6%
Resp failure 5-15%
Paralysis 2-4% increase in extent II
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4
Q

What are causes of TAAA?

A

Degenerative 82%
Dissection 17%
CTD

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5
Q

What are the Indications for desc aneurysm/TAAA?

A

Class I
If chronic dissection >5.5cm
If defen/traumatic >5.5cm or saccular or pseudo EVAR recommend
If EVAR not commended and TAAA then 6.0 cm

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6
Q

What inflamm dz are associated with TAA and dissection?

A

Takayasau. T cell mediated para arteritis
Giant cell arteritis- elastic vessel vasculitis
Behcet
Ank spon
Infective

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7
Q

What bacteria are common in infected aorta?

A

S. Aureus, salmonella most common
Pneumococcus and E. coli most common gram negative
Treponema pallidum
Candida/aspergillus

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8
Q

Before stenting defending what do you need to confirm before covering LSCA?

What conditions increas risk of paraplegia when stenting?

A

Contra r subclavian and verts are patent
Verts communicate via basilar artery

Previous AAA 10% vs 2%

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9
Q

What is the endoderm classification?

A

Type I leak at attachment site
Ia proximal, Ib distal, Ic iliac occluder

Type II branch vessel, IIa single vessel, IIb 2 or more

Type III defect in great
IIIa junction of component, IIIb wint graft defect

Type IV. Graft porosity

Type V
Continued expansion without demonstrating leak endotension

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10
Q

Which endoleak is most common?
Which endoleak considered unresolved? What percentage are these?
How to deal with type II?
Does type IV require tx?

A

II 80%
I 10%
Can resolve spon or add occluder
NO

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11
Q

What are indications for definitive management for acute aortic disease?

A

Asc urgent repair
Desc
Medical management unless complicated

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12
Q

What is medical management of acute aortic disease?

A

Class I
IV BB HR 60 SBP<120
If BB CI then CCB
If SBP >120 with adequate HR use second vasod or ACEi

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13
Q

In what condition should BB and AoD be administered cautiously?

A

AI with AoD

Will block compensatory tachy

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14
Q

What is natural he of type A dissection?
Surgical mortality?
Survival?

A

50% die immediately then 1% per hour
10%
50-70% alive at 5years

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15
Q

What is natural history of type B?

What is mortality of treated?

A

50% mort untreated

9% hospital mortality

16
Q

What are indications for arch replacement?

A

Class IIa
Entire arch if dissected or leaking
Low operative risk and asympto >5.5cm
Growth rate >0.5 cm per year

17
Q

What is operative mortality for arch aneurysm?
Stroke rate?
Ten year survival?

A

Mort 9%
Stroke 7%
60-70%

18
Q

How do you treat arch/thoracic atheroma embolic dz?

What is natural hx?

A

IIa
Warfarin or anti PLT in stroke patients with atheroma >4mm
1/3 progress
10% regress

19
Q

What are bindi cations for BP management for thoracic aneurysmal dz?
And cholesterol?

A

Class I
BP <140/90 or 130/80 if diabetic/CRD
BB to all marfans

IIa
BB to decrease SBP as low as tolerated

IIb
LDL <70 mg/dl for atherosclerosis dz, aneurysm CAD or high risk for CAD

20
Q
What mutations are associated with 
Marfans
Loeys dietz
Ehlers danlos type IV
Turners
Familial thoracic aneurysm
A
FBN1. Fibrillin, increase penetrate with variable penetration
TGBFR1, TGBFR2, autosomal dom
COL3AI, type III collagen, autosomal dom
45X
ACTS2 14%, TGBFR2 4%, MYH11 1%
21
Q

What are surgical I medications for marfans, loeys dietz and ED for asc and root?

A

Marfans
>5.0 cm unless fam hx rupture <5.0 cm, growth rate >0.5cm year, signif AI

LD
>= 4.2cm by TEE internal, 4.4-4.6 by ct MRI external,
ED UV not recommended for prophylaxis

22
Q

What are main clinical findings in marfans?

A

Ocular skeletal cardiovascular

23
Q

At what size can offer elective repair for root in marfans before conception?
If becomes pregnant what to do ?
When is guest risk?

A

4.5cm
Abort
Third trimester for dissection rupture

24
Q

What is natural hx of TRA?
How to tx?
Mortality with tx?

A

20% MVA at autopsy
10-15% of them arrive to hospital alive
2% survive
Stent 1.5% mortality

25
Q

What are features of TRA on CXR?

A

Widened mediastinum 8-8.5cm
Deviation of the esophagus
Trachea >1-2cm to the right of spinous process

26
Q

When is thoracotomy indicate in penetrating mediastinal wound?

A

> 1500-2000ml blood loss within first four hours
200-300ml per hour for 4-5 hours
Chest greater then half full despite chest tube
Positive arteriography for vessel injury

27
Q

What % of blunt trauma have pericardial tear?

What are common injuries to heart with blunt trauma?

A

37%

Tear RA at junction of IVC/SVC, VS, ASD (Rare), AI

28
Q

What percent of trauma have myocardial contusion?
What are the most frequent sites?
Comps of contusion?
TX of contusion?

A

90%
Ant right ventricular wall then and intervention septum and LV apex
Arrhytmia and myocardial contractility
10-20%
EKG 12-24 hours, serial troponins, TTE, monitored bed