AO1 for essay on cultural variations

Question 1

Who conducted the study?

Answer 1

Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Question 2

What was Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s aim

Answer 2

To look at the proportions of secure, insecure avoidant and insecure-resistant attachments within different cultures

Question 3

How does Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg link to Ainsowrth’s strange situation?

Answer 3

Variation of Ainsworth’s study where she assessed the quality of a child’s attachments to their caregiver

Question 4

How many studies did Ainsworth conducted and in how many countries?

Answer 4

32 studies were conducted and meta analysed in 8 different countries

Question 5

How many children were used?

Answer 5

1990

Question 6

What was the most common attachment type in all the countries?

Answer 6

Secure attachment

Question 7

What was the least common attachment type in all countries?

Answer 7

Insecure resistant

Question 8

Were variations greater or lower within countries compared to between others?

Answer 8

Greater

Question 9

What is a collectivist culture?

Answer 9

A culture that emphasises the importance of family and work goals with a high degree of interdependence

Question 10

What is an individualistic culture?

Answer 10

Personal independence and results in a strong sense of competition

Question 11

Which countries showed high levels of insecure-resistant?

Answer 11

Japan and Israel, the collectivist cultures

Question 12

Which country showed high levels of insecure-avoidant?

Answer 12

Germany, the individualistic culture