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PSYC2101 > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What makes anxiety disordered?

A
  • Duration
  • Intensity
  • Appropriateness of response
  • Interference and distress
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2
Q

What are the components of anxiety?

A
  • Cognitive/emotional response
  • Behavioural response
  • Physiological response
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3
Q

Rates of comorbidity between anxiety disorders and depression

A

55% with an anxiety or depressive disorder had 1 or more additional disorders

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4
Q

Biological contributions to anxiety disorders?

A
  • Genetic vulnerability - anxiety and depression heritable
  • Neurotransmitters
    • Depleted levels of GABA
    • Serotonin (not to do with levels, but how it is used in your brain)
  • Limbic system
    • Amygdala
  • Fight or light response
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5
Q

How can anxiety be adaptive?

A

 Signals that threat is imminent
 Cues us to attend to important stimuli
 Signals for us to activate protective responses

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6
Q

Physiological response component of anxiety includes:

A

Autonomic nervous system response: sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

Anxiety: DSM 5 criteria?

A

A, Marked fear about a specific object or situation
B. The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety
C. The phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety
D. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation
E. The fear is persistent, typically lasting 6 months or more

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8
Q

Specific phobia subtypes?

A
  • Animal
  • Natural Environment (i.e., storms, heights, water)
  • Blood-Injection –Injury Type (i.e., blood, operation scenes,
    injections, fainting common)
  • Situational (i.e., flying, tunnels)
  • Other (i.e., illness, vomiting, choking)
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9
Q

Female/Male ratio of specific phobia?

A

4:1

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10
Q

Problems w pure behavioural account of specific phobia?

A
  • Not all fears related to an aversive experience prior to phobia onset (e.g., kangaroo
    phobia)
  • Many trauma do not result in fears (e.g., dog bite victims w/out phobias)
  • Some stimulus can be conditioned more easily
  • Many people with specific phobias do not
    remember an initial traumatic event
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11
Q

Seligman Preparedness theory?

A
  • We have evolved a tendency to fear certain things/situations
  • E.g., those who feared heights were less likely to fall of cliffs so would survive and reproduce
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12
Q

Role of modeling in specific phobias?

A

Cook & Mineka study - video of meonkey with fear responses to snakes
Monkey became scared snakes, rubber snakes, generalised to crocodiles - not to flowers

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13
Q

Appraisals specificity?

A
  • Danger and harm
  • Uncontrollability
  • Unpredictability
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14
Q

Cognitive view of phobia development?

A

Main component of anxiety is appraisals - appraisals specificity

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15
Q

Cognitive-behavioural treatment for phobias?

A
  • Education/rationale
  • Graded exposure
  • Cognitive therapy - challenging faulty appraisals
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16
Q

Palpitations, Sweating, Trembling, Shortness of
breath, Choking, Chest Pain, Nausea, Dizziness, De-realization, Fear of losing control, Fear of dying, Numbing/ Tingling, Chills/ Hot Flushes

A

PANIC ATTACK SYMPTOMS

A discrete period of intense discomfort or fear characterized by at least 4 of these

17
Q

DSM 5 criteria for panic disorder?

A
  • Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
  • At least one attack has been followed by 1
    month or more of the following:
  • Persistent concern about having additional attacks or their consequences
  • A significant maladaptive change in behavior
  • Rule out specific phobia/other conditions/attacks that are the direct result of a substance (i.e., drug abuse)
18
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Anxiety about being in places from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) in the event of having a panic attack
- Situations are avoided or endured with distress  Severity of agoraphobia important

19
Q

Prevalence of panic disorder?

A

3-6%

20
Q

Panic disorder age of onset?

A

Onset typically late adolescence to mid-30’s

mid-late twenties most common; Rapee, 1985

21
Q

False suffocation alarm hypothesis?

A

Automatic system for detecting imbalance of CO2 to O2
- In PD, threshold for setting off alarm is pathologically
lowered

85% experienced a PA in lab challenge test using sodium
lactate

22
Q

Problems with false suffocation alarm hypothesis?

A

Physiological response on sodium lactate test similar for PA, other AD, and controls – only self- reported fear responses differed

PSYC2101 (12 decks)

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